the course name is Health and Wellness
For this assignment, you will construct a three generation genogram.. The three generations will be your grandparents, parents, and children. You may choose to do four generations if you wish to include your great-grandparents or your grandchildren. A genogram is not a genealogy, or family tree. A genogram is used to illustrate family structure, assess family health history, and identify family relationships. See attached power point for information related to creating your genogram Genogram 1. Create your family genogram for a minimum of three generations using the standard symbols for a genogram. 2. You may generate your diagram using a computer program (http://www.genopro.com/genogram_components/default.htm) or develop your own template. In creating the genogram, include as much descriptive information as possible and that you are willing to share with the instructor. 1. The following are mandatory: i. Names – note if someone was named for someone else ii. Dates – births, adoptions, deaths, marriages, separation and/or divorce, living together iii. Occupations iv. Education level ( eg. High school) v. Illnesses 2. The following are not mandatory: i. Characterizations of family members – preferred child, show off, shy, etc. ii. Special talents – singer, musician, writer iii. Family legends, heroes, etc. Summary Write a one page summary (250 words) of whatyou have learned on how your family history and genetics has impacted your potential health and wellness. Indicate whether this has had a positive or negative effect. https://bb-gbc.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/pid-6857511-dt-content-rid-92885895_1/xid-92885895_1 What is Lifespan Development? Top of Form Bottom of Form Page 5 of 15 What is Lifespan Development? Lifespan development is the field of study that originated from the need to understand how humans have evolved. This field of study examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur from conception to death. From the moment a human is conceived the environment begins to influence development (WGBH Educational Foundation, 2001). Lifespan development can be viewed as a methodical, intra-individual change associated with progressions according to age and level of functioning. In its study of growth, change, and stability, lifespan development takes a scientific approach. Like members of other scientific disciplines, researchers in lifespan development test their assumptions about the nature and course of human development by applying scientific methods. They develop theories about development, and they use methodical, scientific techniques to validate the accuracy of their assumptions systematically These assumptions have maintained that the developmental periods are child, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and late adulthood. Each period involves a necessary change in the character of the individual’s life (Smith, 2009). Simply defined lifespan development is the focus on human development which examines growth and change in people. Although the definition of the field seems straightforward, the simplicity is somewhat misleading. In order to understand what development is actually about, we need to look underneath the various parts of the definition. Some scientists in the field seek to understand universal principles of development, whereas others focus on how cultural, racial, and ethnic differences affect the course of development while others aim to understand the unique aspects of individuals, looking at the traits and characteristics that differentiate one person from another. Regardless of approach, however, all theorists view development as a continuing process throughout the life span. The domains of development are categories used by scientists used to classify specific areas of focus. These categories include physical, cognitive and social domains that characterize human development. Physical development, examines the ways in which the body functions, grows and changes physically. This can be an area of specific focus or more broad on how humans function as a whole. For example, one specialist in physical development might examine the effects of malnutrition on the pace of growth in children, while another might look at how athletes’ physical performance declines during adulthood (Fell & Williams, 2008). This domain includes how humans view the world as development progresses as a result of developing vision. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aR1rK1Cc0_M The cognitive development domain seeks to understand how growth and change and intellectual capabilities influence a person’s behavior. Cognitive theorists examine learning, memory, problem-solving skills, and intelligence. For example, specialists in cognitive development might want to see how problem-solving skills change over the course of life; they would also be interested in how a person who experiences significant or traumatic events early in life would remember them later in life Finally, some developmental specialists focus on personality and social development. The personality development is the study of stability and change in the enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another over the life span. While the social development domain is the way in which individuals’ interactions with others and their social relationships grow, change, and re- main stable over the course of life. A theorist interested in personality development might ask whether there are stable, enduring personality traits throughout the life span, where- as a specialist in social development might examine the effects of racism or poverty or divorce on development (Evans, Boxhill, & Pinkava, 2008). All domains operate together and are affected by each other. The table below summarizes each of these areas: Taken from: Santrock, J. et.al (2005). Lifespan Development (2nd ed). Toronto: McGraw – Hill Ryerson Orientation Defining Characteristics Physical Development Emphasizes how brain, nervous system, muscles, sensory capabilities, needs for food, drink, and sleep affect behavior Cognitive Development Emphasizes intellectual abilities, including learning, memory, problem solving, and intelligence Personality and Social Development Emphasizes enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another, and how interactions with others and social relationships grow and change over the lifetime Human development is the process of becoming mature, both physically and emotionally. This process takes many years and a person goes through many different growth stages to reach adulthood, the final stage of development. Humans are complex beings and each stage of growth includes physical, social, emotion and cognitive developments. Infant An infant is defined as a child under the age of 1 year. Infants are completely dependent upon another person, often a mother, to care for them. They cannot walk or talk and require help in eating. During this first year of life many drastic developmental progressions occur. There are four main categories to infant development. Social development occurs as the baby begins to recognize and interact with other humans. Although infants cannot talk, they do begin to develop their language skills as they start to understand and express themselves. Infants make huge strides in large motor skills from learning to holding their own head and sitting, crawling and pulling up. Small motor skills also develop including reaching and grasping for objects. Toddler Infants transition into toddlers, which include children between the ages of 1 and 2.5 to 3. Toddler is a fitting name since during this developmental stage they begin to walk, yet prove unsteady on their feet. Toddlers master many new skills including walking, talking, problem solving and social skills. One of the most important milestones a toddler reaches is finding their independence. This stage often proves frustrating for parents, as toddlers exhibiting their independence often appear to be to misbehaving. It becomes important to remember that for a toddler who may not yet have the language skills to express their needs, it can become frustrating too. Pre-School The pre-school development stage includes children ages 4 and 5. This stage of growth focuses of learning and getting ready for school. This includes expanding their attention span and practicing discipline. School Age Those children between the ages of 5 and 13 fall into the stage of school age development. This large age span encompasses a wide range of skills and abilities. The years of puberty, or sexual development, begin during the later years of this stage. Adolescent This final stage before adulthood includes children between the ages of 13 and 18. That makes this stage particularly difficult for both the parent and the child especially as the adolescents begin to make their own decisions. Although adolescents begin to pull away from authority figures such as parents and teacher this proves a necessary step in their growth as they embark on the adventures of early adulthood. Adulthood In our society adulthood begins at age 18 and continues until death. Although fewer specific physical developmental milestones take place during this stage, adults continue to learn and grow emotionally and mentally throughout their lives. The following link offers more information for stages of the lifespan development (This is a series of videos, that will serve as a review of the Stages of Development as well as some of the Theorists who did research on Stages of Development): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gw8XLeRarmI&list=PLCHnubFzFwjI1LSbnsu_GM1FBa05yZ_Rh There are several different views about the way in which psychological and physical development proceed throughout the life span. In addition to individual differences in development, developmental theorists have generally agreed that development occurs in an orderly way and in different areas simultaneously. There remain, however, differing views on whether development is continuous or discontinuous. The continuous view of development proposes that development involves gradual and continuous changes throughout the life span, with behaviour in the earlier stages of development providing the basis of skills and abilities required for the next stages. However not all theorists agree that development is a continuous progression but rather view it as a discontinuous process. This perspective suggests that development occurs in distinct and separate stages with different forms of behaviour occurring in each stage and that certain abilities in each stage, have a definite starting and ending point. However, there is no exact time at which ability suddenly appears or disappears. Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson provided an alternative psychodynamic view in his theory of psychosocial development, which emphasizes our social interaction with other people. In Erikson’s view, both society and culture challenge and shape us. Psychosocial development encompasses changes in our interactions with and understandings of one another as well as in our knowledge and understanding of ourselves as members of society. Erikson’s theory suggests that developmental change occurs throughout our lives in eight distinct stages (Refer to chart ). The stages emerge in a fixed pattern and are similar for all people. Erikson argued that each stage presents a crisis or conflict that the individual must resolve. Although no crisis is ever fully resolved, making life increasingly complicated, the individual must at least address the crisis of each stage sufficiently to deal with demands made during the next stage of development. Summary of Erik Erikson’s Stages of Development: Stage 1 Age 1 Trust vs Mistrust Hope At this stage babies learn to trust that their parents will meet their basic needs. If a child's basic needs aren't properly met at this stage, he or she might grow up with a general mistrust of the world. 2 Age 2-3 Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt Will As toddlers, children begin to develop independence and start to learn that they