The chair of the operations management department at Quality University wants to construct a p -chart for determining whether the four faculty teaching the basic P/OM course are in control with regard...

The chair of the operations management department at Quality University wants to construct ap-chart for determining whether the four faculty teaching the basic P/OM course are in control with regard to the number of students who fail the course. Accordingly, he sampled 100 final grades from last year for each instructor, with the following results

What is the estimate of the standard deviation of the sampling distribution for an instructor's sample proportion of failures?