Biology 107 Biology XXXXXXXXXXBirney Study Guide V –Cell Structure Specific Objectives: As a result of reviewing the assigned reading and lecture notes, the student should be able to complete the...

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Biology 107 Biology 150 Birney Study Guide V –Cell Structure Specific Objectives: As a result of reviewing the assigned reading and lecture notes, the student should be able to complete the following: Vocabulary for Chapter 6: See organelle list for all the organelles you are responsible for in this chapter. 1. Be able to identify all the organelles on a drawing of a plant or animal cell and describe the function of that organelle. 2. Describe the function of the cytoplasm. 3. Describe the possible route a secretory protein might take from synthesis to secretion. 4. Why is it beneficial to keep the lysosomal enzymes in their own organelle? Biology 107 Birney Biology 150 Chapter 7: The Plasma Membrane and Cell Transport Specific Objectives: As a result of reviewing the assigned reading and lecture notes, the student should be able to complete the following: Study questions: 1. According to the fluid mosaic model, what does a membrane look like, including associated proteins? 2. What is the difference between integral membrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins? 3. Describe the 6 different functions of membrane proteins? 4. Explain how osmosis causes a cell to swell or shrink? 5. Describe how active transport functions and how it differs from passive transport. 6. Describe the different ways a cell can move large quantities of material in and out of the cell. 7. Answer “Test your Understanding” Question #9 about irrigation and increased soil salinity. Biology 101 Birney Biology 107 Chapter 8: Introduction to Metabolism Specific Objectives: As a result of reviewing the assigned reading and lecture notes, the student should be able to complete the following: Study questions: 1. What are 2 general types of metabolic pathways? How do they differ from each other? 2. What are the 2 laws of thermodynamics? 3. What are the 3 types of work that the energy stored in ATP is used to accomplish? 4. Why is ATP a good molecule for storing or transferring energy? 5. Draw and label energy profiles for an endergonic and an exergonic chemical reaction. (You must use a line graph not a bar graph, see Figure 8.13 as an example) Biology 101 Birney Biology 150 Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Specific Objectives: As a result of reviewing the assigned reading and lecture notes, the student should be able to complete the following: Study questions: 1. Why does a cell release energy gradually from glucose? 2. What are the 3 metabolic stages of cellular respiration? 3. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? the citric acid cycle? oxidative phosphorylation? 4. During glycolysis, how many ATP are invested in the breakdown of glucose? How many ATP are generated by substrate-level phosphorylation? How many NADH are generated? 5. What happens to pyruvate after it is transferred to the mitochondrion? 6. How many ATP are generated by substrate-level phosphorylation during the citric acid cycle? How many NADH are generated? How many FADH2? 7. As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, how is the gradually released energy "stored" and then used to make ATP? (i.e. explain how the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis work) 8. Explain when fermentation occurs and what happens during fermentation? 9. What is the evolutionary significance of glycolysis occurring in the cytoplasm? 10. In addition to the breakdown of glucose, the citric acid cycle can be used to help breakdown which other macromolecules? It can also be used to make which group of monomers? 11. Which key enzyme in glycolysis is regulated by feedback inhibition, what regulates it and what is the result of this regulation? Biology 101 Birney Biology 150 Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Specific Objectives: As a result of reviewing the assigned reading and lecture notes, the student should be able to complete the following: Study questions: 1. Why do plants have accessory pigments in addition to chlorophyll a? 2. Describe cyclic electron flow (be sure to include which photosystems are involved and what end products are made in the reactions). 3. Describe non-cyclic electron flow in the light reactions of photosynthesis (be sure to include which photosystems are involved and what end products are made in the reactions). 4. Explain how CO2 is "fixed" by the Calvin cycle and converted into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. (i.e. explain how the whole Calvin cycle works) 5. Why does the cell make unequal amounts of ATP and NADPH in the light reactions?