The angle θ between the intercept vector 1 and an independent variable vector X depends on the coefficient of variation of the independent variable. Use the relationship to show the relationship to...

The angle θ between the intercept vector 1 and an independent variable vector X depends on the coefficient of variation of the independent variable. Use the relationship

to show the relationship to the coefficient of variation. What does this relationship imply about the effect on the angle of scaling the X by a constant? What does it imply about the effect of adding a constant to or subtracting a constant from X?