Thalassemia Back ground and Thalassemia is genetic disorder disease and it's genetic variation. New Advanced Technology Gene therapy in Thalassemia.

1.BACKGROUND:
International occurrence
The disease is found most commonly in the
Mediterranean region,
Africa, and
Southeast Asia, presumably as an adaptive association to endemic malaria.
The incidence may be as high as 10% in these areas.

Race-related demographics
Beta thalassemia genes are reported throughout the world, although more
frequently in Mediterranean, African, and Southeast Asian populations. Patients
of Mediterranean extraction are more likely to be anemic with thalassemia trait
than Africans because they tend to have beta-zero thalassemia rather than beta-
plus thalassemia.
Occurrence in the United States
The frequency of beta thalassemia varies widely, depending on the ethnic
population. The disease is reported most commonly in Mediterranean, African,
and Southeast Asian populations.
Age-related demographics
The manifestations of the disease may not be apparent until a complete switch
from fetal to adult Hb synthesis occurs. This switch typically is completed by the
sixth month after birth.
The majority of beta-thalassemia carriers were migrants from Pakistan and their
pattern of mutations differed from the rest. The frequency of the 619-bp deletion
was 33.3% among the migrants from Pakistan, 8-17% in the northern states, and
less than 5% in the other states. Among non-migrant subject predominant
mutation was IVS-I-5 (G-->C), varying from 85% in the southern states and 66-70%
in the eastern states to 47-60% in the northern states.
Thalassemia is a autosomal recessive blood disorder passed down through
families (inherited) in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin,
the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body tissues via blood
flow through the circulatory system.
RBC take up oxygen in the lungs and release it into tissues while squeezing
through the body capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin
an iron containing bio molecule that can bind to oxygen and is responsible for the
red color of the cells. The disorder results in excessive destruction of red blood
cells, which leads to anemia. Anemia is a disorder in which your body doesn’t
have enough normal, healthy red blood cells (RBC).This disease is inherited,
meaning that at least one of your Parents must be a carrier of the disease. It is
caused by either a genetic mutation, or deletion of certain key genes. The two
main forms of thalassemia are alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia. In alpha
thalassemia, at least one of the alpha globin genes has a mutation or abnormality
in beta thalassemia, the beta...