Take-Home Final Exam Due: April 4, 9:00 p.m. Instructions: Answer One question from each of the three sections. Each answer should be about XXXXXXXXXXwords in length. Please format your answers into a...

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Take-Home Final Exam Due: April 4, 9:00 p.m. Instructions: Answer One question from each of the three sections. Each answer should be about 800 - 1000 words in length. Please format your answers into a single word processor document, with text double spaced, and upload it to the moodle site by the due date. Make sure that you refer to at least two of the readings from the syllabus, and at least two academic sources (which does not include news stories), in each of your answers. You may draw on other sources, and provide citations, if you find it helpful, but this is not required. Course readings may be cited with a parenthetical page number reference; if no other sources are cited, a bibliography is not necessary. Other sources should be cited with full bibliographic citations.Each question will be weighted equally.Section A: Broadcasting Policy1) The policy of ‘simultaneous substitution’ has been in place for a long time in Canada. What is it intended to accomplish, and how does it attempt to achieve its goal? Why has it recently been changed, and will those changes be helpful to the Canadian culture industry or not?2) The transition from analog to digital technologies has affected the Canadian broadcasting industry in many ways, and governments have had to adapt the policies in place as a result. What are the most important challenges that our industry faces in the digital world? How has government policy attempting to help the industry overcome these challenges, and are they likely to succeed?3) So-called ‘Over the Top’ video streaming services are very popular, but they are often seen as a threat to the broadcasting industry in Canada. Explain the reasons that they are seen as a threat. Should Heritage Canada attempt to devise policies to help the industry deal with the threat? What kind of options do governments have for this task?
Section B: Telecommunications Policy4) In recent years, a fourth wireless network operator has been created in Canada with Shaw’s purchase of the Wind Mobile network. Under the Freedom brand, this carrier operates in multiple regions of the country and has expressed intentions to provide services on a national basis. Does this mean that the federal government’s policies in recent years have succeeded? Is it likely to solve the most important problems that have been identified in the wireless communications industry? 2 / 25) The CRTC has prohibited the practice known as ‘zero rating’ by mobile phone providers. Explain what zero rating is, the reason for this prohibition, and the reasons that others see the prohibition as problematic.6) In this year’s budget, the federal government announced a large amount of funding to help extend internet infrastructure to all Canadians. Will this program be likely to solve the problem of significant numbers of people being excluded from the benefits of the internet? What are the limits of the effectiveness of this proposal?
Section C: Other Policy Questions7) Some see the kinds of technological changes associated with the internet and digital communications technologies as creating a crisis in the Canadian media. Others see technological change as inevitable, and expect the market to ensure that efficient and profitable means of communication to succeed. Which of these approaches makes more sense, and why? Do these technological changes give us reason to insist on a radical change to the overall framework of policy? Or is the government’s existing approach able to solve the problems?
8) On the whole, is communications policy in Canada sufficiently democratic? In other words, does the way the government regulate the communications industry reflect the needs, and protect the interests of, all Canadians? Or does it serve the interests of some at the expense of others? Provide reasons for your conclusions.
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Answered Same DayMar 30, 2021

Answer To: Take-Home Final Exam Due: April 4, 9:00 p.m. Instructions: Answer One question from each of the...

Azra S answered on Apr 03 2021
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Section A- Broadcasting policy
3) So-called ‘Over the Top’ video streaming services are very popular, but they are often seen as a threat to the broadcasting industry in Canada. Explain the reasons that they are seen as a threat. Should Heritage Canada attempt to devise policies to help the industry deal with the threat? What kind of options do governments have for this task?
The latest revolution in the visual broadcast media has been the OTT or what is known as Over the Top streaming services. Over The Top streami
ng services refers to streaming media being distributed by content providers who reach the public through the internet without having to go through any other platform that controls the usual streaming of videos and audios. These streaming services thus allow consumers to watch their favourite shows or movies without having to wait for DVD’s, theatres etc. in addition they are not forced to watch the shows and movies shown on the television.
OTT has gained a lot of demand recently with many popular websites emerging largely in this domain. Streaming websites like Netflix, YouTube, Hulu, MercTV, Amazon Video, fuboTV are just a few to name among the many. These streaming services may be paid for or may be free. In either case they are gaining great popularity all over the world and Canada is not an exception. In fact Canada has seen a high level of acceptance and subscription for these services. This has been clearly demonstrated in the example of Netflix in (Davis & Zboralska, 2017).
The way, television shows, movies and other entertainment and educational content is being viewed has changed a lot due to OTT’s. The regular consumer is largely happy with these changes for now, he does not have to pay for a bulk of channels he is not even interested in watching. Instead he can directly pay for OTT’s and gain access to the content he/she desires. Viswanathan Swami Nathan (2013) discusses this point in his list of advantages of OTT. This has been very convenient for the consumers; however, it has created a mountain of problems on the other hand for producers and distributors.
Multiple problems have arisen due to over the top services. Over the top media enjoy several advantages that are detrimental to the local Canadian media companies. Over the top streaming service are global and have content from anywhere and everywhere. This privilege is not enjoyed by the local media. Over the top streaming services are so favoured that the local media is losing its market in Canada. Over the top streaming services are not subject to any regulation or tax. Thus they enjoy the tax margin as an advantage over the local media.
Among these many problems, a cause of great concern is the tax free operation of these services in the Canadian context. These companies do not have a physical presence in the Canadian territory and thus are not required to pay tax giving them an undue edge over the local Canadian competitors. The money collected from taxes from these (OTT) now huge broadcasters could actually be used in furthering the Canadian heritage and culture.
Canada must start taxing these OTT’s just like it would tax any other broadcaster since they are functioning in the same manner as others. This is not a new approach and has been initiated in several other countries. Taxing these streaming services would both provide a fairer competition to the local media as well as increase income through broadcasting tax. (Anderson, 2016) details on this point in his journal article.
Foreign owned media is also known to hardly contribute anything to the Canadian culture instead it superimposes other cultures onto the Canadian community. It takes advantage of having cheap access to a large community and does not give back anything in return. So in the economic context, it is only creating problems for the Canadian community and media.
The Canadian government has done little in the way of controlling the rise of this foreign controlled media. CRTC’s efforts have mainly been in the direction of providing consumer choice with regards to internet and minimally regulating the rise of internet or OTT’s that are capturing the streaming arena greatly.
It is difficult for any government to control a broad media such as the internet. It is against basic human rights and democracy to try and stop free flow of information. However, it is also paramount that local media be given the chance of fair competition in the face of international competition. Not imposing taxes on foreign owned media is highly disadvantageous to the local media and makes the competition disproportionate. The Canadian government has been active in controlling factors influencing culture in the country. This is clearly manifested in Philip, Busch and Sheets (2010) Comparing digital divides. It must thus not ignore the emerging problem of OTT’s today. It must also not let go of a major source of income through not imposing taxes on a media service that has captured not just the nation but the entire world. Over the top services ought to be treated like any other foreign broadcasting company in the country.
Heritage Canada must devise policies to help the industry deal with the...
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