Table 2.8 lists data of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration and discharge (Q) concurrently measured at the USGS/NASQAN stream quality station XXXXXXXXXX, of the Cuyahoga River at Independence...

Table 2.8 lists data of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration and discharge (Q) concurrently measured at the USGS/NASQAN stream quality station 4208000, of the Cuyahoga River at Independence (Ohio, USA), as compiled by Helsel and Hirsch (1992). In the table, ‘Mo’ indicates the month when the measures were made and “T” the corresponding dates, as expressed in “decimal time” and listed as (date-1000). Discharges are in CFS and TDS in mg/l. (a) Draw a simple scatterplot for Q and TDS; (b) Draw scatterplots with marginal histograms and box plots for Q and TDS; (c) Calculate the sample correlation coefficient for Q and TDS; (d) Provide a physical explanation for the sign of the correlation coefficient between Q and TDS; and (e) Create and interpret the Q–Q plot for Q and TDS