Systems engineering theory suggests that some control is required when transitioning between life cycle stages. These transitions represent important interfaces within a system. Often different...

Systems engineering theory suggests that some control is required when transitioning between life cycle stages. These transitions represent important interfaces within a system. Often different organisations are involved for each phase: the design organisation may be different to the construction organisation; and different again to the owner, operator and maintenance organisations.

(a)For the interfaces mentioned: a) From design to construction, and, b) from construction 0 to owner, operator-and-maintainer, list 2 significant challenges or issues this generates and explain why.

(b)For each of these challenges or issues, identify how these can be managed: what actions: i) processes; or organisational arrangements should be put into place, for example?