Answer To: Supplementary Assessment Brief Subject Code and TitlePUBH6005: EpidemiologySupplementary Assessment...
Aparna answered on Jan 18 2021
Table 1 Cohort study: Matsushita, M., Fujita, K., & Nonomura, N. (2020). Influence of Diet and Nutrition on Prostate Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(4), 1447.
Critical appraisal questions
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Did the study address a clearly focused issue?
Yes/No/ Unclear
Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution
Aim of the present study was to understand the influence of diet and nutrition on male prostate cancer. The study finds the relationship of various nutritional factors, dietary patterns and other factors influencing prostate cancer. In one of the study conducted in US it was found that obesity is linked with various cancers including Prostate cancer (Calle & Kaaks, 2004, p. 582). Many animal studies report that various nutrients, like fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins are related to prostate cancer (Ohwaki et al., 2012, p. 272).
Critical appraisal questions
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Did the study discussed impact of confounding variables?
Yes/No/ Unclear
Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution
The confounding variables are not studied. Though one of the variables is studied that is gender but that too is not been worked properly. Just a little bit has been studied and there are various confounding variables present in the study like gender, age etc. Other confounding variables can be pregnancy, presence of a disease.
Critical appraisal questions
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Does the comparison been made, make clinical sense?
Yes/No/ Unclear
Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution
The clinical picture of various variables are studied. Obesity causes hyperulinemia and increased occurrence of bioactive insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a growth factor which promotes the development of various types of cancer (Roberts et al., 2010, p. 309). With regard to IGF-1 approach, various studies shows the signaling of IGF-I, AKT, phosphoinositide 3-kinase plays a crucial role in the development and advancement of PCa (Mavropoulos et al., 2009, p. 563).
Critical appraisal questions
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Is there a strong association between exposure and outcome (relative risk)?
Yes/No/ Unclear
According to the present research and other recent research there is an increasing association between the variables. Animal studies have concluded that certain nutrients, like fats, proteins, vitamins (vitamins A, D,E), polyphenols and carbohydrates , are actually involved in Prostate Cancer pathogenesis, as well as advancement by a number of mechanisms, comprising antioxidant effects, as well as the impact of sex hormones , inflammation (Ngo et al., 2004, p. 1252).
Table 2 Cross-sectional study: A cross-sectional analysis of the association between diet and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2, and IGFBP-3 in men in the United Kingdom
Critical appraisal questions
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Was a clear and focused issue or problem been raised?
Yes/No/ Unclear
Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution
There is an appropriate issue raised. A clear and well defined question is formed which gives a clear...