Summarize the video for me, summarize the concept that is being described in the video and summarize the material in the chapter that is related to the video. Define and apply two terms from our chapter to the video and tell me how they relate to this video. State why you think I chose this video for the Power Points (at least one page).
and attached is the powerpoint you must use
here is the link for the video-https://youtu.be/JrRRvqgYgT0
ADA Compliant Lecture PowerPoint Chapter 9 Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Discussion Question Have you ever written or posted something anonymously online that you know you never would have had the nerve to say or do in person? Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives 9.1 What are groups, and why do people join them? 9.2 In what ways do individuals perform differently when others are around? 9.3 Are two (or more) heads better than one in decision making, and how do leaders shape group outcomes? 9.4 What determines the likelihood that individual or group conflict will escalate or be resolved? Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved What Is a Group? 9.1 What are groups, and why do people join them? Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Defining a Group Two or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence each other Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5 (Cartwright & Zander, 1968; Lewin, 1948) What is a Group? On a separate sheet of paper, write down each category that you believe represents a group. 1students in a large lecture class 2.a family 3.members of the Sierra Club 4.residents of the same dorm 5.members of a baseball team 6.a construction crew building a highway 7.people riding an elevator 8.acquaintances standing in line for tickets 9.all citizens of the United States 10.all people in cars waiting to pay their tolls at an interchange 11.a mob of protestors at a demonstration 12.two strangers speaking on the telephone Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved What is a Group and Why? The textbook authors define a group as “two or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence each other.” By this criterion, items 2, 5, and 6 are groups, since people are both interacting and interdependent on each other. Items 1, 3, 7, 9, 10 do not meet the interaction criterion. Items 1, 4, 7, 8, and 12 do not meet the interdependence criterion. There are some “fuzzy boundaries” in these definitions (e.g., one can imagine ways in which students in a large class are interdependent on each other). Looking at the fuzzy boundaries of group definition, one can get a clearer idea of what some core characteristics of a group are. Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved (Adapted from Agans, 1999, “The nature of groups: An exercise for classroom demonstration.” In L. Benjamin, B. F. Nodine, R. M. Ernst, & C. B. Broeker (Eds.), Activities handbook for the teaching of psychology (Vol. 4). Washington, DC: APA.) 7 Why Do People Join Groups? Groups have a number of other benefits: Important source of information: Help us resolve ambiguity in the social world Important aspect of identity: Help us define who we are Help us feel distinct from other groups Establishment of social norms Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 8 Forming relationships with other people fulfills a number of basic human needs. Some researchers argue that in our evolutionary past, there was a substantial survival advantage to establishing bonds with other people (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). People who bonded together were better able to hunt for and grow food, find mates, and care for children. Consequently, they argue, the need to belong has become innate and is present in all societies. Consistent with this view, people in all cultures are motivated to form relationships with other people and to resist the dissolution of these relationships (Gardner, Pickett, & Brewer, 2000; Manstead, 1997). Social Norms Potential costs to social roles If enmeshed in a role, individual identities and personalities can get lost. Social Roles Shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave in that group Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 9 Social Roles Zimbardo and colleagues (1973) randomly assigned male volunteers to play roles for two weeks as: Prisoners Guards Students quickly assumed these roles. Researchers had to end the experiment after only six days. Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 10 Zimbardo’s group built a mock prison in the basement of the psychology department at Stanford University and paid students to play the role of guard or prisoner (Haney, Banks, & Zimbardo, 1973). The role students played was determined by the flip of a coin. The guards were outfitted with a uniform of khaki shirts and pants, a whistle, a police nightstick, and reflecting sunglasses, and the prisoners were outfitted with a loose-fitting smock with an identification number stamped on it, rubber sandals, a cap made from a nylon stocking, and a locked chain attached to one ankle. When Stanford Became a Prison Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues randomly assigned students to play the role of prisoner or guard in a mock prison. The students assumed these roles all too well. Source: Philip G. Zimbardo, Inc. Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Guard Role One of the guards from Zimbardo’s prison experiment at Stanford. Source: Philip G. Zimbardo, Inc. Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Stanford Prison Study Guards Abusive Verbally harassed, humiliated prisoners Prisoners Passive Helpless Withdrawn Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 13 Zimbardo’s group built a mock prison in the basement of the psychology department at Stanford University and paid students to play the role of guard or prisoner (Haney, Banks, & Zimbardo, 1973). The role students played was determined by the flip of a coin. The guards were outfitted with a uniform of khaki shirts and pants, a whistle, a police nightstick, and reflecting sunglasses, and the prisoners were outfitted with a loose-fitting smock with an identification number stamped on it, rubber sandals, a cap made from a nylon stocking, and a locked chain attached to one ankle. Prison Abuse at Abu Ghraib In 2004, American military guards routinely abused prisoners in Abu Ghraib, a prison in Iraq. Physical beatings, sexual abuse, and psychological humiliation The American public was shocked by pictures of these abuses A few bad apples happen to end up in the unit guarding the prisoners? “What’s bad is the barrel” (Zimbardo) Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 14 Hersch (2004) Two Views of the Stanford Prison Study There are many criticisms of Philip Zimbardo’s Prison Study. Many have reviewed his methods and found that he was much more involved in directing the expectations for the behaviors of the prisoners and guards than he admits. Further, he was not a removed researcher, but an involved participant. As such, can we rely on his interpretations of his data to excuse poor behavior of others in social roles that allow for violence, like at Abu Ghraib prison? Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Two Views of the Stanford Prison Study Watch both Required videos below and make your own assessment about the validity of Dr. Zimbardo’s conclusions. Dr. Philip Zimbardo reviews the prison study and asserts that social roles drove the behavior of the prisoners and guards. Dr. Alex Haslam replicated the prison study with more rigorous methodology and proposes an alternate explanation for the occurrences during the Zimbardo prison study and at Abu Ghraib. Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Group Cohesiveness (1 of 2) The more cohesive a group is, the more its members are likely to: Stay in the group Take part in group activities Try to recruit new like-minded members Group Cohesiveness Qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking between members Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 17 (Levine & Moreland, 1998; Pickett, Silver, & Brewer, 2002; Sprink & Carron, 1994) Group Cohesiveness (2 of 2) Task requires close cooperation? Cohesiveness helps performance. Maintaining good relationships most important? Cohesiveness can interfere with optimal performance Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 18 (Gully, Devine, & Whitney, 1995) Is it possible, for example, that the cohesiveness felt by Kennedy and his advisers got in the way of clear thinking about the Bay of Pigs invasion? Group Diversity (1 of 2) Group members tend to be alike in age, sex, beliefs and opinions Why are they similar? Attracted to and likely to recruit similar others Groups operate in ways that encourage similarity in the members Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Group Diversity (2 of 2) Homogenous groups are more cohesive Diverse groups perform better Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 9.1 Racial/Gender Diversity and Business Performance To examine the relationship between a business’s performance and its racial and gender diversity, Herring (2009) conducted a correlational study of over 1,000 U.S. workplaces and found a positive association between both types of diversity with (a) sales revenue and (b) number of customers. These results seem to indicate a positive relationship between diversity and a business’s bottom line. But as you know, because these data are only correlational, we cannot draw conclusions here regarding one variable causing another. Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Individual Behavior in a Group Setting 9.2 In what ways do individuals perform differently when others are around? Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Social Facilitation (1 of 4) Social Facilitation People do better on simple tasks, and worse on complex tasks, when they are in the presence of others and