Subject: Base Flipping Base flipping is sometimes encountered in the DNA double helix. Your first reaction to this phenomenon may be 'what for?'. But, there are some very good reasons for base...

Running Head: BASE FLIPPING        1
BASE FLIPPING         4
BASE FLIPPING
Nucleotide flipping, commonly known as base flipping is a phenomenon, which illustrates the flipping of a single nucleotide base, which is also known as the nucleobase, beyond the double helix of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). The position of the nucleobase becomes outside the helix, which is known as extrahelical. Such a phenomenon is noticed when the enzymes concerned with reacting or acting on nucleic acids have to act at the certain point, which is why they might need access to the nucleobase that is situation at that point (Hong & Cheng, 2016). For example, in case of DNA repairing, when the excision is to be made in order to substitute for a new base, then the repairing enzyme can cause base flipping and get the repair possible.
In fact, the first ever occurrence of base flipping was also noticed when the enzyme — methyltransferase — methylated with a cytosine base by causing its 180o flipping. This binding at that nucleobase causes the concerned nucleobase to flip at a certain angle, which is quite instrumental in forming distinct structures such as a new DNA helix, a pair of RNA double helices or even a DNA-RNA intermediary combination (Zhang et al., 2017). However, by noticing such a phenomenal activity at the nucleotide level, it is obvious to question that what makes such kind of phenomenon even possible.
Out of the multiple reasons for...