Study B. Hillary wants to find out if nicotine patches really help people quit smoking, so she identifies 100 people who have been smoking at least a pack of cigarettes a day for the past 10 years and...

Study B. Hillary wants to find out if nicotine patches really help people quit smoking, so she identifies 100 people who have been smoking at least a pack of cigarettes a day for the past 10 years and want to quit. She has them all sign a form agreeing to stop smoking. She lets the participants decide if they want to be in the group that will wear the patch for a month or the group that will not wear the patch. At the end of the month, she monitors their cigarette smoking and finds that 35% of the individuals in the patch group quit smoking and 20% of the individuals in the ­no-patch group stopped smoking. Hillary concludes that the nicotine patches are effective in helping people quit or reduce their consumption of cigarettes.