Starting with a component that has a failure rate of l, compare two different ways of improving reliability: (a) by placing a second component in parallel and (b) by improving the reliability of a...

Starting with a component that has a failure rate of l, compare two different ways of improving reliability: (a) by placing a second component in parallel and (b) by improving the reliability of a single component by high-quality design. What is the reduced equivalent failure rate of (a)? Comment on what you think the cost would be to achieve the same reductions if (b) is used.