Spring Quiz MACS 2450 | Modern Art | Spring/Summer In this spring quiz, students must respond to two questions – pleaseselect twofrom a list of three questions. Each answer mustincorporate...

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Title: Modern Art
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Question 1
Human civilization has witnessed that science and art always had an eternal relationship. The former, time and again overlapped the latter. Intuition suggests that both the genres are a way of investigation. Both evolve ideas, theories and studies in every aspects of development of the human civilization. An artist gets the inspiration from culture, people, religion, history, mythology, geography and society so as a scientist. An interesting fact that could be noted here about human civilization is that it has taken a sudden bent from the time of the advent of machine. The alignment of machine and men started in the beginning of 19th century. This event fully elucidated the strong relationship between art and science.
19th century revealed the transition of human life with the boon of scientific and technological invention. This impacted the art and diversified the traditional forms in the art. Artists witnessed innovative possibilities and emerged into the creation of new techniques with the application of scientific development. It is an interesting fact to note, that can be referred here about the developments in the technology was that the precursor in the transition of the painting was the invention of the camera. The major technological development in the field of visual art was photography. Photographic image replaced the painting, forcing the painter's to do much more than recording a person or event. Artists were compelled to search new dimensions and find creative modes of expression which led to innovative paradigms in art.
The advent of industrial revolution in the 19th century in Western Europe was the most crucial point in the world history. The invention and technology changed the quality of life drastically. This resulted in the migration of people from the rural to urban setting in search of a improvised livelihood and earnings. Consequently with these developments painters were drawn towards new visual landscape.
In the early 19th century European artists began to present things and landscape that actually did not exist. The form of abstract art became popular among the modern artists. This was the objective representation where it was focused to elaborate the visual sensation of the observed objects rather than its natural depiction. In context of abstract art we can mention the “Nocturne in black” and “Gold: The Falling rocket” of James McNeil Whistler and “Boulevard des Capucines” of Claude Monet.
The name of Guastave Courbet is a necessary mention in this connection. He is the first modern artists in the mid 19th century who developed his own style of art that influenced the subsequent generation of modern artists. The ideals of modern art gave rise to the movements of impressionism, expressionism and symbolism.
The progress of science and technology also had a psychological and the phenomenal impact on the usage of color and light in visual arts. Artists like Edgar Degas, Vincent van Gogh, Auguste Renoir, Paul Gauguin and Claude Monet focused on nature. They changed the perceptions of the painting of nature and the application of color and light.
Artists began enormous experiments with the theory of color and even the Academy of Fine Arts in Europe started the thorough study and research on the Physics of color. Scientists invented paints packaged in tubes and mostly contained synthetic pigments that made colors...