Sources of mutations exercise Match the mutational source type to the most likely description below. Terms may be used more than once. J. thymine dimers K. transposable A. alkylation B. base analog C....

Extracted text: Sources of mutations exercise Match the mutational source type to the most likely description below. Terms may be used more than once. J. thymine dimers K. transposable A. alkylation B. base analog C. deamination D. depurination E. DNA polymerase error F. intercalating agent G. oxidative damage H. replication slippage I. tautomeric shift elements spontaneous mutation during replication the spontaneous isomerization of a base between keto and enol forms or between amino and imino forms, possibly resulting in a mutation a chemical that can substitute for a normal nucleotide base in nucleic acids; may cause a mutation covalent chemical modification of a base in one strand leads to mis-pairing and mutation (there are many examples; at least one is given) molecules (e.g., ethidium bromide) that may insert between bases in DNA, causing frameshift mutation during replication spontaneous chemical reaction of deoxyadenosine and/or deoxyguanosine in which the ß- N-glycosidic bond is hydrolytically cleaved releasing a nucleic base conversion of amine to carbonyl group in cytosine changes it to uracil (bonds to adenine); conversion of amine to carbonyl group in adenine changes it to hypoxanthine (bonds to cytosine) conversion of amine to carbonyl group in 5-methyl cytosine changes it to thymine (bonds to adenine); common mutation in CpG islands natural process of DNA degradation caused by interaction with reactive oxygen species caused by UV light; reversible mutation by the strand slippage during replication can cause expansion or contraction of repeats in DNA the movement of selfish DNA can cause mutations when the selfish DNA excises from a genome, sometimes taking DNA with it, and inserts elsewhere in a genome, sometimes into functional DNA such as that coding for protein.