SOURCE 1B Andrei Vyshinsky, the Soviet Union spokesman at the United Nations, speaking at the United Nations in September 1947. The so-called Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan are particularly...

Extracted text: SOURCE 1B Andrei Vyshinsky, the Soviet Union spokesman at the United Nations, speaking at the United Nations in September 1947. The so-called Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan are particularly glaring examples of the manner in which the principles of the United Nations are violated, of the way in which the organization is ignored. The Marshall Plan conflicts sharply with the principles expressed by the General Assembly in its resolution of 11 December 1946, which declares that relief supplies to other countries 'should at no time be used as a political weapon'. It is becoming more and more evident to everyone that the implementation of the Marshall Plan will mean placing European countries under the economic and political control of the United States. As is now clear, the Marshall Plan is really a version of the Truman Doctrine adapted to the conditions of postwar Europe. In bringing forward this plan, the United States government apparently counted on the cooperation of the governments of the United Kingdom and France to pressure the European countries in need of relief into giving up their right to plan their national economies in their own way. The United States also counted on making all these countries directly dependent on the interests of American businesses, which are striving to avoid the approaching depression by increasing exports to Europe. It is becoming more and more evident to everyone that the implementation of the Marshall Plan will mean placing European countries under the economic and political control of the United States and direct interference by the latter in the internal affairs of those countries. An important feature of this Plan is the attempt to confront the countries of Eastern Europe with a bloc of Western European states including Western Germany. The intention is to make use of Western Germany and its heavy industry as one of the most important economic bases for American expansion in Europe, in disregard of the national interests of the countries, which suffered from German aggression. Browning, P. Revolutions and Nationalities; Europe 1825-1890. Cambridge University Press; 2000.


Extracted text: Study Source 1B 1.2.1 Explain the type of economic system that Vyshinsky suggests America will use to control European countries 1.2.2 Using your own knowledge explain exactly what the main aim of the Truman Doctrine was. 1.2.3 Using your own knowledge explain exactly the Marshall Plan conflicted sharply with the principles expressed by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution of 11 December 1946.