Some research situations follow. What are the potential ethical problems in each? Indicate what safeguards you would use. a. A researcher is going to test third- and fourth-graders to compare boys’...

Some research situations follow. What are the potential ethical problems in each? Indicate what safeguards you would use.

a. A researcher is going to test third- and fourth-graders to compare boys’ and girls’ interest in reading.

b. A researcher is studying small-group interactions in adults as participants. The participants, observed in groups of five people, do not know that three of the five members of their group are actually assistants of the researcher and that those assistants are following detailed scripts during the small-group meeting.

c. A researcher wants to examine the files on hospitalized patients with serious depression to obtain basic information about their families.