Some of the physicians who participated in the Nazi medical experiments testified that their activities did not run counter to their personal values. When asked how this could be, they stated that...

Some of the physicians who participated in the Nazi medical experiments testified that their activities did not run counter to their personal values. When asked how this could be, they stated that they were simply “doing their job.” Discuss the limits of using an individual’s personal conscience, convictions, or understanding of his or her professional role as the ultimate standard of moral judgment. What, if any, higher standard is there? What types of checks and balances do you want to have in place to minimize wrongdoing in an institution or society?