so i have add a file with my work so the tutor has a idea what the paper should be about. and a manual to see what should be done (Submission #3) Literature Review
Patrick Almeida CIVE2260Submission#2 02/12/22 Title: Wood damage due to water. Introduction: Damage to wood such as wooden floors, building structures like houses, cabins and sheds due to water and undesired moisture can make the home unfit to live and simultaneously can lead to various health problems. Wood damage due to water such as damage to wooden floor not just reduces the beautification of home but also leads to growth of fungi, molds, bacteria, and mildew which create health hazards. According to the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification (IICRC) (https://iicrc.org/iicrcstandards/), there are following categories of water damage: Category 1: Damage to wood due to clean water such as drinking water, rain, snow, precipitation. Also, damage is limited to small area without much damage due to moisture absorption. Category 2: Damage due to grey water (contaminated water) such as leaky sinks and dishwashers, overflowing toilets etc. In this floor, carpet and drywall may need remedial measures. Category 3: Damage due to highly contaminated and toxic water such as hurricanes, leaking sewage pipes etc. in this extreme damage to floor and drywall occurs sometimes beyond repair (Fun guy inspection and consulting, 2020). Hypothesis: It is expected that exposure of wood to water for long periods of time will cause warping and will reduce the strength of the wood in compression. Objective(s): The aim of the project is to test and compare the integrity and size of floor wood when exposed to water for long period of time. Methods and Experimental design: The material to be researched will be floor wood of different types. Each floor wood sample(s)/ material(s) will be exposed to water, for 7 consecutive days. Each day the wood will be checked for following properties: (a) structure i.e. physical changes in the wood such as cupping, budging, bending, twisting, expansion, compression etc (b) color i.e. discoloration such as black or dark stains (c) growth of molds and fungi. Results and Conclusion: Damage to wood can be natural such as rain, floods, and hurricanes or man-made such as leaking plumbing pipes, leaking appliances (washing machine, refrigerator etc), overflowing sinks and bathtubs, cracks in the slabs, leaky roofs and windows which attract moisture and water from rain and snowfall. When the wood starts to absorb water/ moisture, it swells and becomes cupped in appearance and long term exposure leads to bulging and hump in wood. Discoloration in the wood starts due to reaction with contaminants in the water or from growth of molds and mildews. Different types of wood floor material react differently to water depending on their porosity and moisture absorption profile such as some wood floors have polymer coating that makes it more resistant to water damage. In our experimental set up, the test results will be recorded every day for 7 consecutive days based on the parameters discussed in the methods section. Each floor wood sample will be compared to each other on the basis of strength, color and growth of fungi/ molds. Through this test, the integrity of the various wood samples will be tested and the wood sample that is most resistant to water damage will be considered for use in future wood floor construction. References: Fun guy inspection and consulting. (2020). Water Damage and Wood Flooring: What You Need to Know. Accessed on 14.02.2022. https://funguyinspections.com/moisture-and-water-damage-can-cause-a-number-of-problems-in-your-home/ Institute of inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certificate. (2022). IICRC Standards. Accessed on 15.02.2022. https://iicrc.org/iicrcstandards/ CIVE 2260 and 2261 Communications Project Information and Guidelines Revised 2022 Prepared by D. Dulaski, D. Saulnier, C. Shillaber, A. Myers, K. Schulte-Grahame, S. Cranford Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of Engineering, Northeastern University i Project Component of CIVE 2260: Materials for the Built Environment and CIVE 2261: Material Characterization Laboratory Copyright © 2019 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering For edits, questions, comments, contact: Dan Dulaski Associate Teaching Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of Engineering Northeastern University 400 Snell Engineering 360 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02115 617-373-2993 ddulaski@coe.neu.edu Acknowledgements: J. Hajjar CEE Industrial Advisory Board ii Preface “A scrupulous writer, in every sentence that he writes, will ask himself at least four questions, thus: 1. What am I trying to say? 2. What words will express it? 3. What image or idiom will make it clearer? 4. Is this image fresh enough to have an effect?” ― George Orwell, Politics and the English Language (1947) How does an engineer communicate? One may say that an engineer can communicate with equations, calculations, design drawings and specifications, but that is when engineers exchange ideas with other engineers who speak the same technical language. Engineers must also express technical ideas to the non-engineers, which requires a fundamental oral and written communication skills. This is particularly important for Civil and Environmental Engineers, who commonly act as technical liaisons to the public, presenting and describing publicly funded infrastructure projects to municipalities and communities. Communication skills are a vital component of this, recognized by academia and industry alike. It is one of eleven key outcomes required by an undergraduate engineering program in the ABET Engineering Criteria. Ineffective and poor written communication in engineering workplaces were found to lead to misinterpretation, inefficiency and time wastage, thereby adversely affecting problem resolution. Indeed, communication skills are a valuable career enhancer. Communication skills are an essential component in the education of engineering students to prepare them for their future careers. During periodic discussion between the Department and the Industrial Advisory Board (IAB), it was suggested that many of our students who go out on co-op work could be better prepared for the communication and writing tasks of the profession. Our students were not bad writers per se, but there was room for improvement with a focus on technical writing as opposed to literary aims. As a direct result of these discussions, the Communications Program was born. The Communications Program is a multi-year initiative and commitment by the Department to integrate communication education (particularly writing and oral presentation skills) to the engineering curriculum. This includes projects at the freshman level, a research report at the sophomore level, and written reports and presentations at the senior capstone level. Here, a Communication Project is introduced into CIVE 2260 and 2261, which offers: (a) a wide variety of potential projects, and (b) access and integration of an experimental laboratory component. This project presented a nice opportunity to introduce a hands-on approach to scientific research, experimentation, and an associated report. This project manual is intended to outline the requirements of the Communications Project, and to provide some information and guidelines to the logistics of the project throughout the semester. Details neglected herein will be presented either in class or in the laboratory via lecture, or are assumed to have been part of your education prior to arrival at Northeastern University. Note also that the details listed herein may not encompass the full requirements of the project, and are subject to revision at the behest of the instructor or professor. Finally, have fun! iii Table of Contents Table of Contents iii Table of Contents - Figures iv Table of Contents - Tables v Part 1: Research Paper Overview 1 Preamble 1 Outline 1 Part 2: Required Sections and Submissions 2 Proposal 2 Abstract 3 Introduction 3 Literature Review 4 Plagiarism 5 Experimental Design 6 Methods and Theory 7 Analysis and Results 8 Conclusions and Recommendations 8 Submissions Summary 9 Submissions 9 Part 3: General Approaches to Effective Writing 11 General Tips 11 Content 13 Part 4: Formatting 16 Basic Page Format 16 Data, Figures and Tables 16 Table of Contents 18 Significant Figures 18 References 19 Part 5: Journal Articles 22 iv Table of Contents - Figures Figure Description Page 1 Figures with Legend Outside of Data Area (left) and Embedded in Data Area (right) 18 v Table of Contents - Tables Table Description Page 1 Research Paper Recommended Order and Section Lengths 9 2 Research Paper Submissions 10 3 Cylinder Lengths Before and After Testing 17 Communication Project Information & Guidelines 1 Part 1: Research Paper Overview Preamble The primary goal of the research paper is an objective and scientific evaluation of the properties and/or performance of a material. Over the semester, you will select a material (any material! be creative!) for which you perform several tests. It is your responsibility to research the material’s characteristics, design an experiment for testing the material, test the material, and report on the material’s properties. Summary: pick a material, research the material, test the material, report your findings. The paper will consist of six submittals: a proposal, four draft sections and a final paper. Each submittal will be reviewed and graded by a professional grader. Submitting partial draft sections will improve the final product, and will ensure that your approach is sound and the paper requirements are fulfilled. When writing, make sure that each section is long enough to cover the topic and meets the required word count. Note that figures and tables do not count towards the required word count. Please note that the topics described in each section below are ideas to motivate your creativity and thought process. Most, if not all, should be included in your write-up. Moreover, there may be others that should be included – be sure to include whatever is necessary to convey your ideas. Outline There are many ways to structure a technical report, but scientific papers generally follow a conventional format that includes a title, an