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Simulation with Arena, Sixth Edition Simulation with Arena Sixth Edition W. David Kelton Professor Department of Operations, Business Analytics, and Information Systems University of Cincinnati Randall P. Sadowski Retired Nancy B. Zupick Manager Arena Simulation Consulting and Support Services Rockwell Automation kel01315_fm_i-xx.indd ikel01315_fm_i-xx.indd i 19/12/13 11:59 AM19/12/13 11:59 AM SIMULATION WITH ARENA, SIXTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2010, 2007, and 2004. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 ISBN 978–0–07–340131–7 MHID 0–07–340131–5 Senior Vice President, Products & Markets: Kurt L. Strand Vice President, General Manager, Products & Markets: Marty Lange Vice President, Content Production & Technology Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Managing Director: Thomas Timp Global Brand Manager: Raghothaman Srinivasan Development Editor: Lorraine Buczek Director of Digital Content Development: Thomas Scaife Executive Marketing Manger: Heather Wagner Director, Content Production: Terri Schiesl Content Project Manager: Melissa M. Leick Buyer: Jennifer Pickel Cover Design: Studio Montage, St. Louis, MO Media Project Manager: Sandy Schnee Typeface: 10/12 Times New Roman PS Printer: R.R. Donnelley All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kelton, W. David. Simulation with Arena / W. David Kelton, Professor Department of Operations, Business Analytics, and Information Systems University of Cincinnati, Randall P. Sadowski, Retired, Nancy B. Zupick, Manager.—Sixth edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-07-340131-7 (alk. paper) 1. Computer simulation. 2. Arena (Computer fi le) I. Sadowski, Randall P. II. Zupick, Nancy B. III. Title. QA76.9.C65K45 2014 0039.3—dc23 2013043701 www.mhhe.com kel01315_fm_i-xx.indd iikel01315_fm_i-xx.indd ii 19/12/13 11:59 AM19/12/13 11:59 AM iii About the Authors W. David Kelton is a Professor in the Department of Operations, Business Analytics, and Information Systems at the University of Cincinnati, where he has also served as MS program director and acting department head. He received a B.A. in mathematics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, an M.S. in mathematics from Ohio Uni- versity, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in industrial engineering from Wisconsin. He has also been a faculty member at Kent State, The University of Michigan, the University of Minnesota, and Penn State. Visiting posts have included the Naval Postgraduate School, the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna, and the Warsaw School of Economics. He is a Fellow of INFORMS, IIE, and the University of Cincinnati Graduate School. His research interests and publications are in the probabilistic and statistical aspects of simulation, applications of simulation, and stochastic models. His papers have appeared in Operations Research , Management Science , the INFORMS Journal on Computing , IIE Transactions , Naval Research Logistics , Military Operations Research , the European Journal of Operational Research , Simulation , Socio-Economic Planning Sciences , the Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation , and the Journal of the American Statistical Association , among others. In addition to the United States and Canada, he has spoken on simulation in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Poland, Turkey, Chile, and South Korea. He was editor-in-chief for the INFORMS Journal on Computing from 2000 to mid- 2007, during which time the journal rose from unranked on the ISI Impact Factor to fi rst out of 56 journals in the operations-research/management-science category. In ad- dition, he has served as Simulation Area Editor for Operations Research , the INFORMS Journal on Computing , and IIE Transactions ; Associate Editor of Operations Research , the Journal of Manufacturing Systems , and Simulation ; and was Guest Co-Editor for a special simulation issue of IIE Transactions . Awards include the TIMS College on Simulation award for best simulation paper in Management Science , the IIE Operations Research Division Award, a Meritorious Service Award from Operations Research , the INFORMS College on Simulation Distinguished Service Award, and the INFORMS College on Simulation Outstanding Simulation Publication Award. He was President of the TIMS College on Simulation, and was the INFORMS co-representative to the Winter Simulation Conference Board of Directors from 1991 through 1999, serving as Board Chair for 1998. In 1987 he was Program Chair for the WSC, and in 1991 was General Chair; he is a founding Trustee of the WSC Foundation. He has worked on grants and consulting contracts from a number of corporations, foundations, and agencies. He has twice made it down a black-diamond run in the back bowls, both times upright on his skis. Randall P. Sadowski is currently enjoying retirement and plans to continue this new career. In his previous life, he was product manager for scheduling and data-tracking kel01315_fm_i-xx.indd iiikel01315_fm_i-xx.indd iii 19/12/13 11:59 AM19/12/13 11:59 AM applications for Rockwell Automation. Prior to that, he was director of university rela- tions, chief applications offi cer, vice president of consulting services and user education at Systems Modeling Corporation. Before joining Systems Modeling, he was on the faculty at Purdue University in the School of Industrial Engineering and at the University of Massachusetts. He received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in industrial engineering from Ohio University and his Ph.D. in industrial engineering from Purdue. He has authored over 50 technical articles and papers, served as chair of the Third International Conference on Production Research and was the general chair of the 1990 Winter Simulation Conference. He was on the visiting committee for the IE depart- ments at Lehigh University, the University of Pittsburgh, and is currently on the visiting committee at Ohio University. He is co-author, with C. Dennis Pegden and Robert E. Shannon, of Introduction to Simulation Using SIMAN . He is a Fellow of the Institute of Industrial Engineers and served as editor of a 2-year series on Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems for IE Magazine that received the 1987 IIE Outstanding Publication award. He has served in several positions at IIE, including president at the chapter and division levels, and vice president of Systems Integration at the international level. He founded the annual IIE/RA Student Simulation Contest. He collects tools and is the proud owner of a tractor named Dutch, a monster mower, and an ATV used to inspect the farm and haul fi rewood. Nancy B. Zupick is the manager for the Arena Simulation Consulting and Support Services group at Rockwell Automation. She works with her staff to meet the simulation needs of Rockwell’s clients across various industries. In addition to this role, she also assists product management and development and helps manage the IIE/RA Student Simulation Contest and participates in marketing and sales activities. Nancy received her bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering from the Univer- sity of Pittsburgh. It was at Pitt where she became hooked on simulation in Dr. Byron Gottfried’s class and where she fi rst became familiar with the SIMAN simulation lan- guage. In 1997 she joined Systems Modeling in the technical support group, where she worked for over a decade assisting clients with their simulations in a wide array of industries. When not immersed in the world of simulation, Nancy spends her time hanging out with her family. She enjoys gardening, cooking, and traveling, and occasionally dabbles in politics to reduce stress. iv About the Authors kel01315_fm_i-xx.indd ivkel01315_fm_i-xx.indd iv 19/12/13 11:59 AM19/12/13 11:59 AM v To those in the truly important arena of our lives: Albert, Anna, Anne, Christie, and Molly Aidan, Charity, Emma, Jenny, Michael, Mya, Noah, Sammy, Sean, Shelley, and Tierney Ian and Anna kel01315_fm_i-xx.indd vkel01315_fm_i-xx.indd v 19/12/13 11:59 AM19/12/13 11:59 AM Arena, Arena Factory Analyzer, and SIMAN are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Rockwell Automation, Inc. AutoCAD is a registered trademark of Autodesk. Microsoft, ActiveX, Outlook, PowerPoint, Windows, Windows NT, Visio, and Visual Basic are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. OptQuest is a registered trademark of OptTek Systems, Inc. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation. Crystal Reports is