short answer please

1. Discuss the roles of tRNA; mRNA; in the synthesis of proteins.
Protein synthesis can be performed by the assistance of several molecules including m-
RNA and t- RNA. m- RNA is also known as; middle man since; it may read the message
encoded by DNA and can direct the assembly of amino acids on ribosome according to the
message received by it. In this task, it takes the help of t- RNA which brings the desired amino
acids from the amino acid pool as per the direction of m-RNA and further assists in its (amino
acid) integration into ribosome. Amino acids accumulated in such manner can participate in
formation of protein chain.
2. Distinguish between genotype and phenotype.
Genotype means; the genetic constitution of an organism whereas; phenotype indicates
towards appearance of a creature for instance; being tall is a phenotypic characteristic whereas;
having two dominant alleles for tallness (TT ) is a genotypic trait.
3. a.Discuss the mechanisms by which organisms can "exchange" information even across
species; be sure to include a discussion of conjugation, transduction and transformation.
There are several procedures which can ensure the transfer of genetic information out of
these; three key processes are transformation, conjugation and transduction. In transformation,
gene is released from donor cell and is taken by recipient cell in a random manner whereas; in
conjugation, two cells; one donor and another recipient reflect close association through bridge
formation and this bridge participates in gene transfer mechanism.
On the other hand, transduction involves transfer of bacterial genes through virus which
first infects one bacterial cell, incorporates its genes and then via infecting another bacterial cell
may transfer these genes into it....