Sheriâs coworker, Stephanie, is very afraid of spiders and screams every time she sees one in the warehouse. After a few weeks of working closely with Stephanie in the warehouse, Sheri is afraid of spiders, too. This is an example of:
persuasion.
direct instruction.
direct contact.
vicarious conditioning.
2) The presence of others heavily influences helping behavior when a situation is:
strange.
positive.
ambiguous.
familiar.
3) Shawn and Tanya start talking after they’ve ridden on the dorm elevator several times together. This is an example of which rule of attraction?
similarity
attractiveness
proximity
reciprocity
4) Harryâs friend Logan studies a lot, so Harry assumes that Logan is smart. Harryâs belief is based on:
the fundamental attribution error.
impression formation.
prejudice.
implicit personality theory.
5) The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to _____.
the indifference and apathy of witnesses
the fear of witnesses for their own lives
the perceived presence of multiple witnesses
the fact that it was dark outside
6) Karen intentionally tries to hurt Lisa by spreading rumors about her. Karen is engaging in:
reciprocity.
aggression.
discrimination.
prejudice.
7) Justin walks into the morning meeting 15 minutes late. His boss, Marco, assumes that traffic was bad this morning. Marco is using an example of:
situational cause.
inherent attribution.
dispositional cause.
the fundamental attribution error.
8) Cindy tastes peas for the first time and realizes she does not like them. Cindy formed her attitude about peas through the process of:
direct contact.
vicarious conditioning.
direct instruction.
persuasion.
9) People can reduce cognitive dissonance by:
consulting with a therapist.
changing their peers in order to find people with similar beliefs.
forming new cognitions to justify their behavior.
ignoring it until it eventually goes away.
10) Studies have found that the _____ is particularly active when people have made a decision that reduces dissonance and then acted on that decision.
amygdala
hippocampus
medulla
left frontal cortex
11) In explaining our own behavior, we tend to use situational rather than personal attributions. Such a phenomenon is known as:
the actorâobserver bias.
implicit personality theory.
central-route processing.
the fundamental attribution error.
12) The fundamental attribution error is less likely:
in collectivist cultures.
among women.
among older adults.
in the United States.
13) A person tries to change the belief, opinion, or course of action of another person through:
direct contact.
persuasion.
observational learning.
aggression.
14) As we interact with others on a daily basis, our behavior, feelings, and thoughts are often guided by:
consummate love.
bystander apathy.
social influence.
the norm of reciprocity.
15) In the Milgram study and several similar studies, _____ percent of the participants went all the way up to the 450-volt shock level.
26
10
65
86
16) The door-in-the-face technique involves:
assuming that if you help someone, he or she will eventually return the favor.
asking for a large commitment and then, after being refused, asking for a smaller commitment.
asking for a small commitment and, after gaining compliance, asking for a bigger commitment.
increasing the cost of a commitment once a commitment has already been made.
17) In his experiment on conformity, Asch found that:
people stuck to their own answer about 90 percent of the time.
conformity was probably a sign of the times.
conformity increased with each new confederate, up to four confederates.
participants were as likely to conform with two confederates as with four.
18) Studies have found that in civil suits, if individual members of the jury favor stiff penalties, the deliberation process will result in even higher penalties. This illustrates:
the lowball technique.
social loafing.
group polarization.
groupthink.
19) The Challenger disaster is a classic example of groupthink because:
the group was torn apart by disagreement over whether or not the shuttle should launch.
some people spoke up and said the shuttle should not launch, but they were shunned by the rest of the group.
no one really knew if the shuttle was OK to launch.
some people knew the shuttle was not OK to launch, but they did not speak up and thereby disrupt group cohesion.
20) A person demanding _______ has power or authority to command a behavioral change, rather than just ask for a change.
conformity
compliance
obedience
a favor
21) Strategies for overcoming prejudice include:
having groups participate against each other in competitive situations.
minimizing intergroup contact.
education and competition.
intergroup and equal status contact.
22) The formation of in-groups and out-groups:
begins in adolescence.
is inborn.
begins in childhood.
often happens in college.
23) The “jigsaw classroom”:
was the strategy used by Jane Elliot in her second grade classroom.
is the tendency for a student’s expectations to affect his or her behavior in such a way as to make these expectations more likely to occur.
occurs when there is sharp tension between in-groups and out-groups in a classroom.
is a technique that gives each individual only part of the information needed to solve a problem, so they must work with others to find the solution.
24) In order to teach her second grade students about ______, teacher Jane Elliot created in-groups and out-groups based on the superficial characteristic of eye color.
equal status contact
discrimination
the âjigsaw classroomâ
scapegoats
25) The effect that people’s awareness of the stereotypes associated with their social group has on their behavior is:
self-fulfilling prophecy.
stereotype vulnerability.
social comparison.
social identity.
26) Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love says that companionate love consists of:
intimacy and passion.
intimacy and commitment.
romance only.
passion only.
27) Some research suggests that ______ is one of the main factors that influence people’s choices for selecting people they want to know better.
physical attractiveness
high moral standards
earning power
reciprocity
28) _______ love, based on many years of shared responsibilities and experiences, is what binds many marriages together.
Companionate
Romantic
Fatuous
True
29) _______ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for action or inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility.
Altruism
Diffusion of responsibility
The onlooker effect
The bystander effect
30) The sadistic behavior of the “guards” in Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Study:
can be explained primarily by the guardsâ personality abnormalities.
has only been seen in experiments.
highlighted the influence that a social role can have on ordinary people.
was all an act.