Shaykh Ali Hujwiri describes the idea of detachment from the self in his book. How does he describe it and why is it important? Does it apply to what happens to Shaykh Sam'an in the story about him? Explain your answer.book for reference:Attar, ShaykhSam‘an
Microsoft Word - Final_Version_paged.doc 2 The Revelation of Mystery (Kashf Al-Mahjub) The Oldest Persian Treatise on Sufiism By Ali B. Uthman Al-Jullabi Al-Hujwiri Translated By Lieutenant Colonel (R) Muhammad Ashraf Javed © Copy Rights Zahid Javed Rana, Abid Javed Rana Lahore, Pakistan 3 Contents Chapter Page Translator’s Note 6 Preface 7 Introduction 9 I. Knowledge 19 II. Poverty 29 III. Tasawwuf (Sufism) 41 IV. The Dress of Sufis 57 V. Poverty and Purity 70 VI. Blame 74 VII. Imams amongst the Companions 81 VIII. Imams from the House of the Prophet (Ahl-i Bayt) 88 IX. The people of the Veranda (Ahl-i Suffa) 97 X. Mystics among the Followers (Tabieen) 99 XI. Mystics of Ancient Period 105 XII. Mystics of Recent Time 188 XIII. Modern Mystics of Different Countries 200 XIV. Doctrines of Sufism 204 Muhasibis 204 The Nature of Rida (Satisfaction) 205 Maqam (station) and Hal (state) 210 Qassaris 213 Tayfuris 213 Sukr (Intoxication) and Sahw (Sobriety) 214 Junaidis 219 Nuris 220 Ithar (Preference) 221 Sahlis 228 Reality of Nafs (Lower Soul) and Hawa (Passion) 229 Mortification of the Nafs (lower soul) 235 True Nature of Hawa (Passion) 243 Hakimis 248 Walayat (Saintship) 248 Karamat (Miracles) 258 Difference of Mujiza (Miracle) and Karamat 260 Performance of Miracles by Pretenders to Godhead 263 4 Proofs and Arguments on Karamat (Miracles) 269 Superiority of the Prophets over Saints 278 Superiority of the Prophets and Saints over Angels 281 Kharrazis 284 Subsistence (baqa) and Annihilation (fana) 285 Khafifis 291 Absence (ghaybat) and Presence (hudur) 292 Sayyaris 295 Union (jama) and Separation (tafriq) 296 Hululis 305 Spirit (ruh) 306 XV. Uncovering of the First Veil: Gnosis (marifat) 312 XVI. Uncovering of the Second Veil: Unification (Tawhid) 325 XVII. Uncovering of the Third Veil: Faith (Iman) 334 XVIII. Uncovering of the Fourth Veil: Purification 339 Repentance (Tauba) and its Collieries 343 XIX. Uncovering of the Fifth Veil: Prayer (Salat) 351 Love (muhabat) and its Connected Matters 357 XX. Uncovering of the Sixth Veil: Alms (zakat) 367 Liberality and Generosity 370 XXI. Uncovering of the Seventh Veil: Fasting (sawm) 374 Hunger and Matters Connected with it 379 XXII. Uncovering of the Eighth Veil: Pilgrimage (Hajj) 382 Contemplation (Mushahida) 386 XXIII. Uncovering of the Ninth Veil: Companionship, its Rules and Principles 392 Companionship and Matters Connected therewith 395 Rules of the Companionship of the Sheikhs 397 The Reality of Culture (Aadab) 400 Rules of the Companionship Affecting Residents 401 Rules of the Companionship in Travel 404 Rules of Eating 406 Rules in Movements 409 Rules of Sleeping 410 Rules of Sufis in Speech and Silence 415 Rules of Sufis about Requesting 418 Rules in Marriage and Celibacy 421 XXIV. Uncovering of the Tenth Veil: Phraseology and Meanings of the Terms 429 5 XXV. Uncovering of the Eleventh Veil: Audition (Sama) 457 Audition of Quran and Related Matters 458 Audition of Poetry and Related Matters 464 Audition of Melodious Voice 466 Principles of Audition 469 Various Opinions Respecting Audition 473 Different Grades of Sufis in the reality of Audition 474 Wajd, Wajud and Tawajud 480 Dancing 483 Looking at youth 484 Rending Garment 484 Rules of Audition 486 41 Chapter III Sufism (Tasawwuf ف�Zت) Allah Almighty has said: َوِ:�Gَُد ا���ْ�َ�ِ ا��ِ.یَ َیْ�ُ �َن َ:َ$; اْ�َ=ْرِض َهْ�ًن� َوِإَذا َخ�GَHَُ&ُ� اْ�َ��ِهُ$�َن �4َُ��ا َسَ$�ًم� “And the servants of (Allah) Most Gracious are those who walk on the earth in humility, and when the ignorant address them, they say, “peace!” (Q 25:63). And the Prophet (peace be upon him) has said: �$��Pا� �ف �X ی�م :$< د:�ءه�="" آq':="" u�َ="" ا�$�,="" مz�َ�َا="" cت="" اه�="" م="" س�f="" ص="" “he="" who="" hears="" the="" voice="" of="" the="" sufis="" and="" does="" not="" say="" amen="" to="" their="" prayer="" is="" inscribed="" before="" allah="" among="" the="" heedless.”="" the="" true="" meaning="" of="" tasawwuf="" ف�zت="" (sufism)="" has="" been="" much="" discussed="" and="" many="" books="" have="" been="" written="" on="" the="" subject.="" some="" assert="" that="" sufi="" is="" so="" called="" because="" he="" wears="" a="" woolen="" (suf="" ف�="" garment,="" while="" others="" say="" that="" he="" is="" in="" the="" first="" row="" (ص="" (saf="" �ص).="" some="" because="" of="" their="" attachment="" with="" to="" ashab-i="" suffa4,="" call="" them="" sufi="" and="" still="" some="" are="" of="" the="" opinion="" that="" the="" name="" is="" derived="" from="" safa="" (purity).="" these="" explanations="" are="" far="" from="" satisfying="" the="" requirements="" of="" etymology.="" the="" word="" safa="" �9ص="" (purity)="" is="" praiseworthy="" under="" all="" circumstances="" and="" its="" opposite="" is="" kadar="" رqآ="" (impurity).="" the="" prophet="" (peace="" be="" upon="" him)="" said,="" “ره�qن�َ�="">< آqا�="" �="" the="" pure="" ذهu="" ص9="" part="" (the="" best)="" of="" this="" world="" is="" gone,="" and="" its="" impurity="" remains.”="" the="" fine="" and="" the="" delicate="" part="" of="" something="" is="" called="" safwa="" �="" ص9="" (purity),="" whereas="" its="" impure="" and="" dirty="" part="" is="" called="" kadar="" (impurity).="" since="" the="" seekers="" of="" the="" path="" of="" tasawwuf="" keep="" their="" morals="" and="" conduct="" pleasing="" and="" pure="" their="" inwards="" from="" the="" evils="" and="" worldly="" desires,="" on="" that="" account="" they="" are="" called="" sufis.="" so,="" this="" name="" has="" become="" a="" sign="" of="" recognition="" whereas="" the="" nobility="" of="" the="" sufis="" is="" too="" great="" for="" their="" dealings="" to="" be="" unknown,="" so="" that="" name="" should="" need="" a="" derivation.="" in="" the="" present="" age,="" allah="" has="" kept="" the="" majority="" of="" the="" people="" away="" from="" the="" path="" of="" tasawwuf="" and="" sufis="" and="" has="" veiled="" them="" from="" the="" mysteries="" and="" realities="" of="" tasawwuf.="" 4="" see="" chapter="" ix="" 42="" accordingly="" some="" imagine="" that="" it="" consists="" merely="" in="" practice="" of="" outward="" piety="" and="" does="" not="" have="" any="" inward="" contemplation.="" some="" others="" suppose="" that="" it="" is="" a="" meaningless="" form="" which="" has="" no="" essence="" and="" root.="" they="" by="" adopting="" the="" views="" of="" scoffers="" and="" worldly="" ulama="" have="" denied="" sufism="" altogether="" and="" because="" of="" ignorance="" feel="" delighted="" on="" their="" search.="" the="" people="" in="" general,="" conforming="" to="" this="" opinion,="" have="" expunged="" from="" their="" hearts="" the="" quest="" for="" inward="" purity="" and="" have="" discarded="" the="" tenets="" of="" the="" virtuous="" ancestors="" and="" the="" companions="" of="" the="" prophet.="" b�1�="" ان="" ا��9z="" ص�9="" ا�qzیb="" ان="" اردت="" ص����="">< ا��="" “verily,="" purity="" of="" heart="" is="" the="" characteristic="" of="" siddiq,="" if="" you="" desire="" to="" be="" a="" true="" sufi="" see="" him”.="" the="" safa="" �9ص="" (purity)="" has="" a="" root="" and="" a="" branch,="" its="" root="" being="" separation="" of="" the="" heart="" from="" others="" (other="" than="" allah),="" and="" its="" branch="" is="" that="" the="" heart="" should="" be="" empty="" of="" this="" deceitful="" world.="" both="" these="" are="" the="" characteristics="" of="" the="" siddiq="" (the="" caliph)="" abu="" bakr="" abdullah="" b.="" abi="" quhafa,="" (may="" allah="" be="" pleased="" with="" him).="" he="" is="" the="" imam="" (leader)="" of="" all="" the="" people="" of="" this="" path.="" he="" was="" free="" of="" others="" so="" much="" that="" when="" prophet="" (peace="" be="" upon="" him)="" died="" and="" the="" companions="" got="" saddened="" and="" heart="" broken,="" that="" umar="" (may="" allah="" be="" pleased="" with="" him)="" drew="" his="" sword="" and="" threatened="" to="" decapitate="" anyone="" who="" asserted="" that="" the="" prophet="" (peace="" be="" upon="" him)="" was="" dead,="" abu="" bakr="" (may="" allah="" be="" pleased="" with="" him)="" stepped="" forth="" cried="" with="" loud="" voice,="" “ت�="" اm="" م="" :qg="" ُمَ���qٌا="" ��ن="" ُمَ���qٌا="" q4م�ت="" و="" م="" :qg="" رب="" ُمَ���q="" ��ن,="">< m ی� whoever worshiped muhammad let him know that muhammad is dead, but whoever worships lord of muhammad, let him know that he is living and dieth not.” then he recited the following m="" ی�="" whoever="" worshiped="" muhammad="" let="" him="" know="" that="" muhammad="" is="" dead,="" but="" whoever="" worships="" lord="" of="" muhammad,="" let="" him="" know="" that="" he="" is="" living="" and="" dieth="" not.”="" then="" he="" recited="" the="">