see attachment for book reference--- One thing the book talks about is the shifting role and status for aging adult. In fact, one expert in the field, Dr. Linda Fried (
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/26/science/reframing-views-of-aging.html?pagewanted=all) claims that one thing our society needs to be aware of and prepare for is the shift in an older person's role. This change in role and status happens because of relationship changes, job changes, societal views. Talk about these shifts in role and status as it pertains to the older adult. What theory for role transition would work best for the examples you talk about?
PowerPoint Presentation Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Adulthood and Aging Chapter Families,Generations, and Communities 6 Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Parenting Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Pathways to Parenting Recommendations for healthy pregnancy: Avoid toxic substances Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and smoking Good diet; sleeping well Avoid over-the-counter drugs Take extra iron, folic acid Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Pathways to Parenting (cont'd) Infertility: Affects 6.1 million Problems equally with women, men, unexplained Adoption: Consider national, state, local laws Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Pathways to Parenting (cont'd) Independent adoption from: pregnant parents Private/public agencies Domestic/international From another culture Open adoption: birth family and adopted child have some contact No significant difference in children raised by straight or gay parents Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Parental Satisfaction Positive aspect of parenting role: Happiness, love, affection, sense of meaning, purpose, fulfillment, achievement Pleasure, fun, stimulation Negative aspects: Restricts personal freedom, social life, activities outside home Parenting younger children more time-consuming than parenting adolescents/younger adults Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Parental Satisfaction (cont'd) Parental identity more important than professional identity Experience generativity Parental satisfaction influenced by Marital quality and levels of role conflict High marital quality leads high parental satisfaction Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Parental Satisfaction (cont'd) Stepparents: report less levels of parental satisfaction Conflict with stepchildren seen as marital issue Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Parental Satisfaction (cont'd) Role conflict theory: role strain occurs when demands and expectations conflict High parental satisfaction when spouses support and help alleviate role conflict Father’s work experience unrelated to parenting Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Parental Satisfaction (cont'd) Role conflict theory: role strain occurs when demands and expectations conflict Mother’s negative work experience related to negative parenting Role strain experienced by women when return to work after maternity leave Feelings of guilt Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Choosing Not to Parent Trend is strong among highly educated career-oriented women Referred to as childfree Seen as selfish, deviant, less warm, caring and kind Childfree women: unfeminine Childfree men: less powerful Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Choosing Not to Parent (cont'd) Referred to as childfree Reasons: engaging in fulfilling/demanding careers Environmental No difference in quality of life, self-esteem, depression Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Grandparenting Typical grandparents: in early 50s, married, not retired Grandparents vary in age, financial situation, social status, approach to role Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Grandparenting Styles and Roles Neugarten and Weinstein, 1964: Formal Fun Seeker Surrofgate Parent Reservoir of family Wisdom Distant Figure Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Grandparenting Styles and Roles (cont'd) Mueller et al, 2002, grandparent-grandchild relationships: Influential Supportive Passive Authority-Oriented Detached Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Rewards of Grandparenting Have fun with grandchildren without parenting responsibility Opportunity to share activities Watch them develop Role of wise elderly Personal well-being, good physical health Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Difficult Issues in Grandparenting Insufficient information Lack of understanding of younger’s pressures Insufficient contact with grandchildren Feel imposed; tire quickly Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Difficult Issues in Grandparenting (cont'd) Role of surrogate parent, when: Single/both parents work outside Custodial parent: young, single, unwilling Parent ill Parent on drugs, abuse child/children Parent absent Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Difficult Issues in Grandparenting (cont'd) Exhausting physically and financially Grandparents less satisfied when forced Poor health Feel out of place with friends/peers Sense of intrusion felt In a vulnerable position when children divorce Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Difficult Issues in Grandparenting (cont'd) Most children have more contact with maternal grandparents Children adjust better if/when parents divorce Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Family Role Transitions Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Transition Models Models explain family role transitions Each model has unique perspective Compensation Model Focus on ways we compensate for losses as families change with age Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Transition Models (cont'd) Life-course Model Focus on decisions made in life-span Timing of decisions Influence of history, society, culture on decisions Cumulative disadvantage Model Focus on how early life circumstances influence later role transitions Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Shifting Status in the Family Relationship between parents and adult children changes over years More adult children moving back with parents For parents, tension caused by individual issues, finances, education For children, tension caused by personality differences Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Shifting Status in the Family (cont'd) Older children provide more support when closer to parents Parents offer support in return Adult daughters more supportive Children overestimate support given Parents underestimate support received Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Shifting Status in the Family (cont'd) Caregiving Trajectory Theory, Cicirelli (200); Three major stages in active caregiving; Concern stage: children begin to observe decline in mental/physical health of parents Urging stage: problems occur frequently; adult children persuade parents to take care Active Stage: adult children take action; provide assistance to parents Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Supportive Family Members Older adults have own social support system Other than children Spouse, siblings, close friends Close relatives with siblings Sister/sister relationship stronger Brother/brother relationship weakest Unmarried children/those with no children closest to siblings Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Living Arrangements Across Adulthood Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Creating a Home Atmosphere “Home” part of person’s identity Reflects personality and interests Important roles learnt here Memories built here Private space Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Creating a Home Atmosphere (cont'd) Sense of “home” changes with age Young adults: how they want to be seen by others Middle age: retreat Old age: safe place Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Typical Housing Arrangements Residents leave urban area for suburban those with small children for: Safer schools, better academic programs Likely to be married Those who do not leave urban areas are: Interested in racial, cultural diversity Stay close to family and friends Over 50 and divorced Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Typical Housing Arrangements (cont'd) 78% live in urban areas 22% live in rural areas Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Neighborhood and Communities Residents of rural areas report high level of community satisfaction; have: Place-centric values: Value close geographic proximity of family/friends Involved in local activities Experience community-satisfaction Personal life satisfaction Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Neighborhood and Communities (cont'd) Experience-centric for urban residents: Communities define interpersonal relationships Frequently travel outside geographic area No expectations from neighbors Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Neighborhood and Communities (cont'd) Complete neighborhoods: People have strong sense of community Trust neighbors Walk to places Are socially, politically active Primary facilities area connected Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Neighborhood and Communities (cont'd) Modern Neighborhoods: Meet residents’ needs (mega malls) Connected by highways Car/public transit essential Walking dangerous Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Housing Options for Older Adults Post-Retirement Migration Models – first move, young-old, newly retired Three Models of Housing Migration: Migration–decision model: decision to move depends on things that pull toward relocation: climate, lower taxes, growing economy, scenic Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Housing Options for Older Adults (cont'd) Post-Retirement Migration Models – first move, young-old, newly retired Three Models of Housing Migration: Life-course migration model: characteristics that qualify as attractive features change with age Environment caters to new retirees Cyclical migration for part of year Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Housing Options for Older Adults (cont'd) Post-Retirement Migration Models – first move, young-old, newly retired Second move in life-course model, when older adults experience trouble with daily tasks Move closer to resources Metropolitan setting Transition to assisted care facility Local move Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Housing Options for Older Adults (cont'd) Aging in Place Second and third move signal onset of additional assistance Age in place: like to choose where they live Services provided Resources in the area important Communicate and coordinate with providers of assistance Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Housing Options for Older Adults (cont'd) Housing with Assistance and Services Assisted living varies with degree of assistance provided Single unit houses, condominiums, apartments Help with meals, transportation, housekeeping Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved