See ATTACHED AS WELLThe purpose of the required paper is for you to articulate and test a hypothesis related to crime and/or criminal justice. The structure of the paper will be identical to a journal article. That is, it will be split into four sections: (1) Literature Review, (2) Methods, (3) Findings, and (4) Discussion. I will post a journal article that I have written that will provide for you a general example of what I am seeking. Please recognize that I am not seeking for you to produce the same level of depth as the article I am sharing with you…it is just an example of the structure of the paper you are required to write.
Will need to have an abstract and introductionnever sent the topic to professor so you must pick a topic based on the four there
CJUS 4370 Analytic Paper Instructions PURPOSE: The purpose of the required paper is for you to articulate and test a hypothesis related to crime and/or criminal justice. The structure of the paper will be identical to a journal article. That is, it will be split into four sections: (1) Literature Review, (2) Methods, (3) Findings, and (4) Discussion. I will post a journal article that I have written that will provide for you a general example of what I am seeking. Please recognize that I am not seeking for you to produce the same level of depth as the article I am sharing with you…it is just an example of the structure of the paper you are required to write. The Literature Review is the section where students will be required to communicate the scientific literature that is related to the hypothesis. For example, assume you have the following hypothesis: Individuals who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods commit more crime than individuals who do not live in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Then, you will need to complete a literature review seeking out scientific research that has examined the relationship between “neighborhoods and crime.” To accomplish this task, I encourage students to complete their search for literature in Google Scholar (scholar.google.com). Upon finding an article, you do not have to pay for it given that our university subscribes to most of these journals. As long as you are logged into the library (you can do this from home), you can download the .pdf of the article for free. You should only be using academic journals…not textbooks. You should conclude the Literature Review section by stating your hypothesis. The Methods is the section where students will discuss the data being used to test the hypothesis. This is where students will discuss: (1) how the data were collected, (2) how the two variables in your hypothesis were measured, and (3) the type of analysis that will be administered. I will provide students with the first paragraph that will fall under this subheading. That paragraph (and the references that you should include in your paper) are as follows: <><><><><><><> “This study is based on analyses of data from the merged Child–Mother data set of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (Center for Human Resource Research, 2006). The NLSY is a prospective longitudinal study supported by the U.S. Department of Labor. It was first administered in 1979 to 12,686 individuals ages 14 to 21 so as to assess their labor market experiences as they completed high school and entered the workforce. A separate data collection effort began in 1986 that included detailed assessments in 2-year intervals of each child born to the female youths of the original 1979 cohort. As of 1996 (Wave 6), these children (n = 7,103) represent a cross-section of individuals born to a nationally representative probability sample of women between 29 and 36 years of age as of January 1, 1996 (Center for Human Resource Research, 2000).” <><><><><><><> You simply need to remove the quotes from the paragraph above, cut and paste this paragraph into your paper, and then adjust it to double spacing. Again, the citations that are referenced in this paragraph are listed below and should be included in your References section. References Center for Human Resource Research. (2000). National Longitudinal Studies handbook: 2000. Columbus: The Ohio State University. Center for Human Resource Research. (2006). NLSY79 user’s guide: A guide to the 1979-2004 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Data. Columbus: The Ohio State University. Keep in mind, that I will be the person analyzing the data. So, I will give you all the information to complete this section of the paper. You will simply need to write it in paragraph form. This will become clearer as we move through the course. The Findings section is the portion of the paper where students will discuss exactly what they found and whether their hypothesis was supported. To accomplish this task, students will need to review the output of the analyses that I will provide (students will not be required to complete the analyses) and then communicate to the reader what those analyses mean relative to your hypothesis. The Discussion section is the portion of the paper where students will: (1) restate the purpose of the paper and what you found, (2) discuss the implications of your findings (i.e., what do they mean for theory and/or policy?), (3) identify the limitations of the research (no research is perfect), and (4) discuss what future researchers should address to make the research stronger or better. PAPER TOPIC: Your first responsibility is to choose a paper topic. You will need to choose one of the four topics below. 1.The relationship between low self-control and committing crime. 2.The relationship between alcohol consumption and committing crime. 3.The relationship between living in a disorganized neighborhood and committing crime. 4.The relationship between being born at low birth weight and violent offending. Once you choose a topic, please send me an email notifying me of your choice. You should then begin seeking out research to write the literature review. Microsoft Word - Data for Findings Section.docx Data for Findings Section The output below is for a t-test for the hypothesis: Individuals with low self-control commit more crime than those with high self-control. The data in the Group Statistics section provides you with the average number of crimes committed by individuals with low and high self-control and the standard deviation of this same variable. The findings of significance are located in the Independent Samples Test section. Pay particular attention to the “t” column and the “Sig (2- tailed)” column. The “t” column is the t value that you would have calculated by hand (as we learned in class). The “Sig (2-tailed)” column provides you with the p value (the level of significance of this relationship). In this column, any value below .05 indicates that you would have rejected your null hypothesis. The output below is for a t-test for the hypothesis: Individuals living in bad neighborhoods commit more crime than those living in good neighborhoods. The data in the Group Statistics section provides you with the average number of crimes committed by individuals living in good and bad neighborhoods and the standard deviation of this same variable. The findings of significance are located in the Independent Samples Test section. Pay particular attention to the “t” column and the “Sig (2-tailed)” column. The “t” column is the t value that you would have calculated by hand (as we learned in class). The “Sig (2-tailed)” column provides you with the p value (the level of significance of this relationship). In this column, any value below .05 indicates that you would have rejected your null hypothesis. The output below is for a t-test for the hypothesis: Individuals who binge drink (5 or more alcoholic drinks in a sitting) commit more crime than those who do not binge drink. The data in the Group Statistics section provides you with the average number of crimes committed by individuals who do and do not binge drink and the standard deviation of this same variable. The findings of significance are located in the Independent Samples Test section. Pay particular attention to the “t” column and the “Sig (2-tailed)” column. The “t” column is the t value that you would have calculated by hand (as we learned in class). The “Sig (2-tailed)” column provides you with the p value (the level of significance of this relationship). In this column, any value below .05 indicates that you would have rejected your null hypothesis. Microsoft Word - Methods Section Guidelines.docx Methods Section Guidelines A Methods section in a paper generally has the following parts: 1. A section discussing the source of the data, how it was collected, the nature of the sample, and the response rates of the participants. 2. A section that identifies the independent and dependent variables and specifically how each are measured. 3. A section communicating exactly how you will complete your analysis (i.e., the type of statistical test to examine your hypotheses). I have provided a paragraph for you that will be sufficient for part 1 listed above. As such, you will only need to write parts 2 and 3. For section 2, I encourage you to review the literature that you have included in the literature review and carefully examine how they measured their variables (this will be in the methods section). Make sure you identify the level of measurement of each variable. You must indicate whether each variable is: (A) Nominal, (B) Ordinal, or (C) Interval/Ratio. You can simply replicate one of those measures although you must write this section in your own words…do not just cut and paste text. For section 3, you will communicate that you will be using one of four tests: (A) t-test, (B) Chi- Square, (C) Analysis of Variance, or (D) Correlation Coefficient. Make sure you choose the correct statistical test from this list that corresponds to the level of measurement of your independent and dependent variables. Microsoft Word - Methods Section Guidelines.docx Methods Section Guidelines A Methods section in a paper generally has the following parts: 1. A section discussing the source of the data, how it was collected, the nature of the sample, and the response rates of the participants. 2. A section that identifies the independent and dependent variables and specifically how each are measured. 3. A section communicating exactly how you will complete your analysis (i.e., the type of statistical test to examine your hypotheses). I have provided a paragraph for you that will be sufficient for part 1 listed