Scott explained the process of controlling variables and did a demonstration with plants to illustrate the process. However, the groups in his class failed to control variables when they did their...

Scott explained the process of controlling variables and did a demonstration with plants to illustrate the process. However, the groups in his class failed to control variables when they did their activities with the pendulum. Of the following, which statement is the best explanation for the students’ continued inability to control variables?

a. Scott failed to provide a high-quality example that illustrated how to control variables.

b. Scott didn’t connect his topic with plants to the real world, so he didn’t adequately apply the suggestions of the learning sciences to his lesson with simple pendulums.

c. Scott failed to adequately make social interaction an integral part of his instruction.

d. As Scott explained the process of controlling variables, the students remained cognitively passive, so the information wasn’t meaningful to them.