Results and Discussion In this unit, you will work on another piece of your final research paper. After submitting this assignment to your instructor, remember to review his or her feedback and...

The Effects of Depression & Parental Abuse            2
THE EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION AND PARENTAL ABUSE
Abstract
Table of Contents
The Effects of Depression in Both Children and Adolescents
Depression is a major public health concern especially for those who have suffered from childhood abuse and for those in their adolescent years. The damaging effects of depression due to childhood abuse on mental health as an adult is a big concern. It is also a big concern for adolescents as the episodes they experience are linked with negative consequences later in adolescence such as academic difficulties, and nonsuicidal self-injury, and this can carry on into adulthood. This can affect them well into adulthood and those negative consequences can be life altering (Auerbach, 2015).
Depression, a mental health disorder, as a result of childhood abuse affects about 46% of those with depression based of a study that was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry (KVC Hospitals, 2021). The research behind this study has also found that those who were abused as children were more likely to have a severe mood disorders, such as greater depression severity and an increased and prolonged depressive episode (KVC Hospitals, 2021). According to KVC Hospitals, it is important to have trauma-informed treatment that can help children who have been abused. This treatment considers past trauma when trying to give effective behavioral healthcare. With a trauma-informed approach, a child’s treatment focuses on providing safe environments, practicing self-regulation and cognitive processing skills (2021). With depression in adolescents a recent epidemiological data shows that about 11 percent of youth will experience depression, and this can carry on into adulthood where an alarming 75 percent of those experiencing depression during adolescence will attempt suicide as adults. However, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as a well-established treatment for depression in children and adolescents. Although there is not an absolute treatment for adolescent suicide attempters CBT has been a widely researched psychotherapy approach treatment to treating depression in adolescents (Auerbach, 2015). Using CBT to help adolescents with their depression as they become adults with suicidal attempts.
What is the correlation between parental abuse and adolescent depression? I hypothesize that children with parental abuse suffer from depression and anxiety. Which signifies a positive correlation between parental abuse and repression among adolescent children. If parents could put a halt to adolescent depression in their children knowing that they have a lot to do with it, why wouldn’t they parent differently? In the world we currently live in, life can be overwhelming and even though most parents want the best for their children it’s very hard for them to parent perfectly. 
Literature Review
The relationship between the parental psychological abuse and the children mental health problems was studied by Rizvi (2014) by statistical analysis of the data collected from 300 participants (13-17 years) studying in Lahore schools. The mental status of the children in the study was assessed by Psychological maltreatment experience scale (PMES) and Youth Self-report and correlational research design was used to study the relationship between the parental psychological abuse and the adolescent mental health (Rizvi & Najam, 2014). The study of the Rizvi (2014) has provided an evidence that that non-injurious psychological abuse of any kind i.e. either mother abuse or the father abuse has direct effects on the mental health in adolescents.
Depression is one of the mental health disorders and is the utmost concern among the adolescents that leads to the impairments and increased number of deaths. the studies of Kalufus (2022), it was understood that the increased rates of the anxiety and depression are being observed in the early adolescence. Because, the increased levels of the depression and anxiety results in the impairments in day-to-day activities and suicidal ideation among some children. They have conducted a questionnaire survey from nearly 53,894 secondary school pupils (13-15 years) in Netherlands from 2018-2019 to analyze the non-fatal disease burden and its relation with the suicidal ideation (Kalufus et.al., 2022). The youth were grouped into two categories based on the chronic conditions with consequences and those with chronic conditions but not associated consequences, the analysis was performed by considering of post-stratification weights for each disorder and have concluded that the girls are more vulnerable to the disabilities than boys and also stated that the disease burden is directly associated with the depression accompanied by suicidal ideation among girls. Hence, from this study it was understood that anxiety and depression are also associated with the poor mental health outcomes among adolescents.
The study of the Thapar (2012) has summarized that the unipolar depressive disorder in the adolescence is associated with the increased disease burden across the low-income and middle-income countries. The risk factors associated with the increased risk of the depression among the adolescents are family history, hereditary, hormones, and developmental factors (Thapar et.al., 2012). Depression is a cluster of the mental disorders is associated with both social and educational impairments and leads to increased addiction of smoking, alcohol etc. and may result in the increased risk of obesity and the obesity associated co-morbidities. The children who were exposed to war, stressful life, family psychological abuse etc. may result in the multiple trauma are more vulnerable to the depression and the prevention of the depression by...