Repeat the previous two exercises for Python and/or Ruby. Compare Java final methods with C++ nonvirtual methods. How are they the same? How are they different? In several object-oriented languages,...

Repeat the previous two exercises for Python and/or Ruby. Compare Java final methods with C++ nonvirtual methods. How are they the same? How are they different? In several object-oriented languages, including C++ and Eiffel, a derived class can hide members of the base class. In C++, for example, we can declare a base class to be public, protected, or private:

In all cases, private members of A are inaccessible to methods of B, C, or D. Consider the impact of protected and private base classes on dynamic method binding. Under what circumstances can a reference to an object of class B, C, or D be assigned into a variable of type A*?