Recall that with the RSA public key system it is possible to choose the same encryption exponent, e, for all users. For the sake of efficiency, sometimes a common value of e = 3 is used. Assume this...

Recall that with the RSA public key system it is possible to choose the same encryption exponent, e, for all users. For the sake of efficiency, sometimes a common value of e = 3 is used. Assume this is the case.

a. What is the cube root attack on RSA and when does it succeed?

b. Give two different ways of preventing the cube root attack. Both of your proposed fixes must still provide improved efficiency over the case where a common encryption exponent e = 3 is not used.