Reading questions for Ch. 23 (The textbook is"Patterns of World History" Third Edition, written by Peter von Sivers , Charles and George.)This is a list of questions to help you identify important...

Reading questions for Ch. 23 (The textbook is"Patterns of World History" Third Edition, written by Peter von Sivers , Charles and George.)This is a list of questions to help you identify important concepts and themes from the reading. In order to help you organize your thoughts and contribute to our discussion, I strongly encourage you to take reading notes. Write down the ideas you think are important, as well as any interesting facts or observations. Write down words you are unfamiliar with, as well as their definition. In particular, pay attention to and make a note of anything that you react strongly to – are you surprised by something that you learned here? Does it change the way you think about our world and its past?1. How did Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal and Spain encourage the colonies in Latin America to seek independence?
2. Who was Miguel Hidalgo? Why did he hesitate when the class-based violence escalated among his followers? Did this reinforced creole fears about losing power?3. Who were the caudillos? What was their role in post-independence South America? Use as examples Argentina and Brazil.
4. Which are the differences between the role of non-whites in the independence in South America and Haiti?5. Which are the problems with Latin America’s post-independence over-reliance on exporting agricultural or mineral goods in exchange for manufactured goods?