read the slides and conclude what have you learnt.
Week 6 Lecture Slides.pdf ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Chapter 6 Individual Factors: Moral Philosophies and Values ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Learning Objectives Understand how moral philosophies and values influence individual and group ethical decision making in business Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy Discuss the impact of philosophies on business ethics 2 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Learning Objectives (continued) Recognize the stages of cognitive moral development and its shortcomings Introduce white-collar crime as it relates to moral philosophies, values, and corporate culture 3 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Moral Philosophy Specific principles or values that people use to decide what is right and wrong Theories associated with moral philosophy Economic value orientation: Associated with values quantified by monetary means Idealism: Places special value on ideas and ideals as a product of the mind Realism: View that an external world exists independent of people’s perceptions 4 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Instrumental and Intrinsic Goodness Concepts of goodness Monism (characterized by hedonism) Hedonists can be quantitative or qualitative Pluralists (non-hedonists) Instrumentalists: Reject the ideas that: Ends can be separated from the means that produce them Ends, purposes, or outcomes are intrinsically good in and of themselves 5 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Instrumental and Intrinsic Goodness (continued) Discussions regarding moral value revolve around the nature of goodness Goodness theories: Focus on the end result of actions and the goodness or happiness created by them Obligation theories: Emphasize the means and motives of actions 6 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Teleology (Consequentialism) Considers an act as morally right or acceptable if it produces the desired result or consequence Philosophies Egoism: Defines right or acceptable behavior in terms of its consequences for the individual Utilitarianism: Promotes the belief that one must make decisions that result in the greatest total utility Types of utilitarians - Rule utilitarians and act utilitarians 7 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Deontology (Nonconsequentialism) Focus lies on the rights of individuals and the intentions associated with a particular behavior rather than its consequences Contemporary deontology has been influenced by Immanuel Kant Types of deontologists - Rule deontologists and act deontologists 8 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Relativist Perspective Definitions of ethical behavior are derived subjectively from the experiences of individuals and groups Forms of relativism Descriptive relativism Meta-ethical relativism Normative relativism Emphasizes peoples’ differences but ignores their basic similarities 9 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Virtue Ethics Argues that ethical behavior: Adhers to conventional moral standards Considers the judgment of a matured person with good moral character in a given situation Virtues that support business transactions Trust, self-control, empathy, fairness, truthfulness, learning, gratitude, civility, and moral leadership 10 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Table 6.3 - Types of Justice 11 © Cengage Learning ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Moral Philosophy and Ethical Decision- Making Moral philosophies used to make personal and work-related decisions vary Differences exist in professional and private goals and pressures An individual’s moral philosophy may change to become compatible with the work environment 12 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Kohlberg’s Model of Cognitive Moral Development (CMD) - Stages 13 Punishment and obedience Individual instrumental purpose and exchange Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity Social system and conscience maintenance Prior rights, social contract, or utility Universal ethical principles ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Kohlberg’s Model of Cognitive Moral Development (CMD) - Levels of Ethical Concern Levels of ethical concern Level 1 - Individual is concerned with his or her own immediate interests Level 2 - Individual equates right with conformity to the expectations of good behavior of the larger society Level 3 - Individual overlooks the norms, laws, and authority of groups or individuals 14 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. White Collar Crime Non-violent crime committed at a business level causing monetary damage and emotional loss Penalties Fines Home detention Paying for the cost of prosecution Forfeitures Prison time 15 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Figure 6.1 - Fraud Schemes 16 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Table 6.5 - Common Justifications for White-Collar Crime 17 Source: Based on Daniel J. Curran and Claire M. Renzetti, Theories of Crime (Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 1994). ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Individual Factors in Business Ethics Individual values Family, religion, and education Rewards for meeting performance goals Corporate culture 18 Week 7 Lecture Slides.pdf ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Chapter 6 Individual Factors: Moral Philosophies and Values ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. Learning Objectives Understand how moral philosophies and values influence individual and group ethical decision making in business Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy Discuss the impact of philosophies on business ethics 2 ©2017Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected