Question #1 What is a chemical transformation of waste? Question #2 a. List the problems associated with incineration of solid waste? b. Discuss ways to reduce these problems. Question #3 What...

Answer 1.
Chemical transformation of Waste
Transformation can be termed as; an efficient method for the purpose of Waste-
management. It may lie in any one out of the following categories: physical, chemical, and
biological. Chemical transformation involves an alteration of phase (for instance; solid to liquid,
liquid to gas etc). The key chemical procedures applied for the purpose of reduction of waste
volume and/or for recovery of conversion products may be defined as follows:
1. Combustion
Presence of enough air is essential for oxidation of the organic matter, and subsequent
key products can be obtained through it: N2, CO2, H2O, O2, and Ash etc. Combustion usually
results into liberation of heat means; it is exothermic by nature (Abriola, 1989).
2. Pyrolysis
It includes thermal reactions in absence of oxygen, and is an endothermic procedure. A
range of products might get generated due to the pyrolysis of organic fraction of waste such as;
CH4, CO2, Acetic acid, Acetone, and Tar/Oil etc (Catallo & Junk , 2005).
3. Gasification
Partial combustion of carbonaceous fuel might result into production of combustible fuel
gas that is chiefly composed of CO, H2, Saturated hydrocarbons (CH4) etc chemicals. This gas
can further be applied for the generation of energy with the help of internal combustion engine.
Answer 2.
Incineration of Solid waste: Problems and Solutions
Though, initially incineration was considered as; an alternative to landfill, but today the
scenario is different since; landfills are still needed for burying the ashes produced in incinerator.
Such ashes may consist of heavy metals, unburned substances, and novel chemicals produced
during the process of burning. According to experts, when waste is burned in an incinerator then
there could...