Question 1Understanding Inequality Through Theory: Bourdieu
What do we mean by meritocratic?
What strategies could you develop as an educator to work with children from low SES families or families marked by endemic poverty and unemployment?
Question 2
Cultural Logics of Child-Rearing
Lareau(2011) identifies two distinct cultural logics of child-rearing:
How accurate do you believeLareau'sfindings to be? Can you find any similarities between the cultural logics raised byLareauandyour own family life?
Concerted Cultivation
•Organisedactivities•Interaction with adults•Focus on language and negotiations skills•‘rules of the games’ in interactions with institutional representatives•Question and negotiate authority•Growing sense of entitlement
Accomplishment of Natural Growth
•Long stretches of leisure time•Child-initiated play•Clear boundaries between adults and children•Accept authority•Emerging sense of distrust, distance, and constraint1.Question 3Create a summary of the key ideas associated with each philosopher.2.How might these ideas be relevant to underlying philosophies in the Early Years Learning Framework?Do any of the ideas of Plato, Socrates, Dewey, Steiner, Montessori, Malaguzzi, or Gardnerform part of your personal philosophy of education?
YTISHBDSYTEA DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Philosophical and Social Contexts of Education EEP101 Topic 2 Australian Families Lecturer: Kellie Bousfield DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Lecture Overview Definitions of family The sociological imagination Demographic change A sociological understanding of family Links to Brofenbrenner DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER What is Family? ABS Definition (objective): A family is defined by the ABS as two or more persons, one of whom is at least 15 years of age, who are related by blood, marriage (registered or de facto), adoption, step or fostering, and who are usually resident in the same household. Each separately identified couple relationship, lone parent-child relationship or other blood relationship forms the basis of a family. Some households contain more than one family. Non-related persons living in the same household are not counted as family members (unless under 15 years of age). Contemporary Sociologists (subjective) DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Sociological Imagination Social Structure the organised pattern of relationships and institutions that form the basis of society Sociological Imagination The sociological imagination is a ‘quality of mind that seems most dramatically to promise an understanding of the intimate relatives of ourselves in connection with larger social realities’ (Mills, 1959, p. 15). According to Mills, the essential aspect of thinking sociologically is making a link between ‘private troubles’ and ‘public issues’ DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Demographic Change Age of first marriage has risen (median age for first marriage for Australians in 2012 was 29.8 years (men) and 28.1 years (women) (ABS,2015) Cohabitation prior to marriage has and continues to increase (77.6% in 2012) (ABS, 2015) Fewer people are getting married at all (ABS, 2015) A third of children are born outside of marriage (ABS, 2015) Increasing numbers of children are raised in single parent households (ABS, 2015) In 2006 27% of Australians lived alone – a figure that has doubled since 1971 and the ABS predict it will double again by 2026 when 54% of all households will contain just one person (due to demographic shifts, divorce and people choosing to live alone) (Holmes, Hughes and Julian, 2012) DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Changing Fertility Rates 1900 fertility rate was 3.7- 4.0 per woman 2001 fertility rate was 1.7 per woman 2005 fertility rate was 1.81 per woman (highest in 10 years – baby bonus and child care rebate introduced in 2004) 2015 fertility rate was 1.8 per woman World average fertility rate is 2.7 Indigenous population’s fertility rate is 2.14 Why has the fertility rate declined? Availability of contraception and increased confidence in accessing and using contraception Access to safe termination of pregnancy Women’s options in a changing world DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Changing Families: Women’s Roles Labour force participation rates for women have increased since the 1970s There are a greater number of married women entering and retaining their place in the labour force Increased number of women with children work part time Education 1986: 7% of women (18-44 years) Bachelor degree or higher 2006: 25% of women (18-44 years) Bachelor degree or higher 2015: 30% of men and 40% of women aged 25-29 had attained a Bachelor Degree or above. Since 2001, women in the 18-54 year age group have been consistently more likely than men to have attained a qualification at this level DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Changing Families: Men’s Roles Work patterns have changed – as more mothers continue to participate in paid work A decline in traditional sexual division of labour within the home – more socially acceptable of ‘hands-on’ fathering Greater gender equality (feminist movement) Government policy (paid maternal and paternal leave) Changing definitions of what ‘ good fathering’ looks like In 2016 4% of fathers identified as ‘stay-at home’ Dads (compared with 31% of mothers) in Australia DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Changing Families: Nature of Families Traditionally the family was considered: “mother, father, married, one or more children living together in a single household” (Coltrane & Collins, 2001). Males were predominately breadwinners Females were predominantly homemakers/housewives Parental separation was referred to as a “broken home” However more recently the family has been redefined: Couples with children 45% Couples without children at home 39% Lone parent families 16% DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Contemporary Families: Couples with Children In 2016, 2.6 million families were couple families with children, accounting for 45% of all families. Despite a projected increase of almost half a million by 2031 (to 3.1 million), the proportion of families with children in is projected to be overtaken by couples without children (43%). De facto couple families with children are those who live together but are not registered as married and who have children together. A step-family is a couple family containing at least 1 child who is the step child of either parent and no children who are the natural children of both parents. A blended family is a couple family containing both natural and step-children. At least 1 child who is the natural child of both parents and 1 child who is the step child of either parent DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Contemporary Families: Lone Parent Families Lone parent families are formed as a result of separation; divorce; widowed; or never being in a registered marriage or de facto relationship The proportion of lone parent families is projected to rise to 17% by 2031 Women continue to be the principal caregiver in lone-parent families, accounting for 83% or 1.2 million lone-parents Lone-parent families with men as primary caregivers comprise about 17% of al lone-parent families DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Contemporary Families: Other Family Types In 2016 there were: 14,000 grandparent families in which the grandparents were guardians or primary caregivers of co-resident children aged 0 to 17 years 7,000 foster families in which there was one or more co-resident foster child DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER A Sociological Understanding of Changing Families Social forces shape our personal decisions Globalisation and associated individualism influence family and personal lives Local cultures and traditions influence relationships DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Social Forces Shape Personal Decisions Relationships and families are historically specific and will change over time Gender and social class impact choice and decision making capacities in profound ways Government law and policy can be linked to changes in families and relationships DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT DIVISION OR SCHOOL TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Globalisation and Individualisation Influence Families and Personal Lives Globalisation: “a set of