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QUESTION # 1 ( ONE PARAGRAPH) In the communication process, four major styles have been identified: passive, aggressive, assertive, and passive aggressive. Which one of these styles best represent the behavior you would practice in your organization? Explain your answer. QUESTION #2 ( ONE PARAGRAPH) Police agencies across the United States are being called upon to manage an increasingly more educated workforce. The educational level of American police officers has risen significantly over the past 20 years. What do you think are the advantages of a more educated police workforce? What do you feel should be the minimum educational level of a police officer? Why do you feel this way? QUESTION #3 ( NO WORD REQUIREMENT) Topic: Using Quantitative Data to Analyze Your Sleep Research is increasingly demonstrating the importance of sleep to human health and well-being. We all know that getting a good night's sleep can make us feel more aware and ready for the day, but sleep also helps boost the immune system, reduce hunger cravings, and improves memory. Even with this knowledge, it is not always easy to get quality sleep, and as many as 50 to 70 million Americans suffer from some type of sleep disorder such as insomnia. You can begin your research on the importance of sleep, sleep disorders and deprivation, and how to improve your sleep with these resources: · Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Sleep and sleep disorders. https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/index.html · Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine. (2008). Assess your sleep needs. Get sleep. http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/need-sleep/what-can-you-do/assess-needs · National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (n.d.). Sleep health. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/sleep-health · National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging. (2016). A good night's sleep. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/good-nights-sleep How can you improve your sleep? Would you be willing to try a new routine or tool to get more or better quality sleep? For this discussion you will create an experiment designed to collect data on your own sleep. You are not required to actually conduct the experiment, only to design it. In Chapter 1 you were introduced to the scientific method, a process that both scientists and non-scientists use to solve problems and find answers. You also learned about how scientists use quantitative measurements (measurements that can be recorded in a standard system of measurement). When it comes to sleep there are several variables that can be measured to assess your sleep, including the amount of sleep per night, how long it takes to fall asleep, how much time is spent in REM or deep sleep cycles, and even the amount of time between your last meal and your bedtime. There are also qualitative measurements (those that cannot be measured but can be described by some other criteria) that can be assessed in relation to sleep, including how you feel when you wake up in the morning and how you rate your stress for the day. Considering these variables in relation to your own sleep, think about one aspect of your sleep that you might want to improve, for example how many hours of sleep you get each day or how many times per night you wake up. For more information on types of variables in science, review Chapter 1 of the textbook, and refer to this source: · Dewitt Wallace Library. (2019). Quantitative vs. qualitative data. Research Guides: What is research data? https://libguides.macalester.edu/c.php?g=527786&p=3608639 During this unit, answer the following questions: 1. Define and discuss the differences between quantitative and qualitative measurements. a. Why are quantitative measurements desirable in scientific investigations? 2. When it comes to sleep, what is at least one recommendation for getting quality sleep? a. Discuss how this recommendation can impact your sleep in a positive way. 3. Think about how you would implement an experiment that could analyze and collect data on your sleep. Answer the questions below to help you design your hypothetical experiment. You are not required to actually conduct your experiment - only design it, but you may choose to if you want to further analyze your sleep. a. Identify at least 2 variables that you could measure when it comes to sleep. b. What tools could you use to measure and collect this data? c. What results do you expect or imagine that you would get from your experiment? d. What can you do with this data? e. Do you think that this experiment will be useful for you in getting better sleep? Why or why not? Be sure to review the Discussion Board Course Rubrics. For help with citations, refer to the APA Quick Reference Guide. Use this reference when referring to your text: Trefil, J., & Hazen, R. M. (2016). The sciences: An integrated approach (8th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. QUESTION #4 ( NO WORD REQUIREMENT) Topic: Policy Cycle, Agenda Setting, and News Media “The only security of all is in a free press.” --Thomas Jefferson The policy cycle is a process that explains how public policy is created, implemented, and evaluated. Although there are many different variations of the policy cycle, we shall use a simplified, four step public policy cycle: Step 1: Agenda Setting · How public policy concerns are understood and how various stakeholders highlight the public policy concern. Step 2: Policy Formation · The crafting of public policy solutions. Public policy solutions are mostly addressed through legislation or regulation. Step 3: Policy Implementation · How public policy is applied via federal, state, and/or local endeavors. Step 4: Policy Evaluation · How public policy is assessed: success or failure. Source: (Kraft, 2018) Agenda setting is the first step of the policy cycle. The news media can affect public policy via agenda setting. Agenda setting is how individual news media decides what news they will showcase and how important the news story is by providing greater or lesser attention to the news story (O’Connor, Sabato, 2017). In addition, the news media can affect public policy via framing. Framing is how individual news media covers the news story and how such coverage can steer public policy one way or another (O’Connor, Sabato, 2017). News Media’s coverage of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill is a prime example of how agenda setting and framing affected environmental public policy. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “On April 20, 2010, the oil drilling rig Deepwater Horizon, operating in the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, exploded and sank, resulting in the death of 11 workers on the Deepwater Horizon and the largest spill of oil in the history of marine oil drilling operations. 4 million barrels of oil flowed from the damaged Macondo well over an 87-day period, before it was finally capped on July 15, 2010” (EPA, 2017) The following links showcase media coverage and analysis of the BP Deepwater Horizon coverage. · ABC World News Now’s broadcast of the initial disaster: https://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video/april-22-2010-bp-oil-rig-explosion-13376980 · The Guardian Newspaper’s coverage of the initial disaster: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/may/31/bp-oil-spill-death-impact · The Washington Post’s article a week after the initial disaster: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/26/AR2010042604308.html · Fox News’s article a week after the initial disaster: https://www.foxnews.com/us/everything-will-be-examined-in-gulf-oil-spill-officials-say · The Pew Research Center’s article, ‘Oil Spill Coverage Engulfs the Media’ that analyses how the news media covered the disaster: https://www.journalism.org/2010/06/01/pej-news-coverage-index-may-2430-2010/ Directions: Using the required, academic readings, and supplemental academic research, please address the following while adhering to the Discussion Board Rubric: · Select a specific example of public policy from one of the following fields: · Economic policy · An example of economic policy is U.S. budget deficit spending. · Education policy · An example of education policy is the implementation of national education standards. · Environmental policy · An example of environmental policy is the Clean Air Act. · Foreign policy · An example of foreign policy is how we conduct trade with other countries. · Healthcare policy · An example of healthcare policy is the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) · Welfare policy · An example of welfare policy is Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). · Write a letter to the editor of a major news media company about a specific article, video, or political cartoon. The Union of Concerned Scientists has a great resource that explains how one writes a letter to the editor. In this letter please include the following: · Analyze how the news media sets the agenda and frames the news story. · Articulate, in detail, how this news story helps or hinders your chosen public policy. · Speculate how voter engagement could affect this public policy. Although you may pick your news story from any of the major news media, here are some reputable news sources that may prove useful: ABC News: https://abcnews.go.com/ Boston Globe: https://www.bostonglobe.com/ CBS News: https://www.cbsnews.com Chicago Tribune: https://www.chicagotribune.com Denver Post: https://www.denverpost.com/ LA Times: https://www.latimes.com Houston Chronicle: https://www.chron.com/ NBC News: https://www.nbcnews.com/ The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com Seattle Times: https://www.seattletimes.com/ Tampa Bay Times: https://www.tampabay.com/ USA Today: https://www.usatoday.com/ The Wall Street Journal: https://www.wsj.com/ Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com References: Deepwater Horizon – BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill. (2017, April 19). Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil-spill Kraft, M. E., & Furlong, S. R. (2018). Public policy: Politics, analysis, and alternatives. London: SAGE. O’Connor, K., & Sabato, L. (2018). American government: Roots and reform. Columbus: Pearson.