Question 1 In a flowering plant species, snapdragons, variation in flower color is determined by a single gene. RR genotype individuals are red, Rr genotype individuals are pink, and rr genotype...

Question 1

In a flowering plant species, snapdragons, variation in flower color is determined by a single gene.
RRgenotype individuals are red,
Rr
genotype individuals are pink, and
rr
genotype individuals are white. In a cross between two heterozygous (Rr) individuals, the expected ratio of red:pink:white-flowered offsprings is 1:2:1. Biologists did two cross experiments, and ask whether the results differ significantly from the expected.

(a) The first cross experiment ends up with 40 offsprings, including 10 red, 21 pink, and 9 white.

1. Write the null and alternative hypothesis for the chi-square test.

1. Interpret the p-value and state the conclusion from your test.

(b) The second cross experiment ends up with 4000 offsprings, including 1000 red, 2100 pink, and 900 white.

1. This time, can you reject the null hypothesis? why?

1. (Bonus question) Do the proportions of observed data in two experiments differ? Did the chi-square test results from these two experiments differ? Why?