Question 1. By referring to the physiological organisation of articular cartilage and synovial joints, explain the aetiology and pathogenesis of the type of arthritis your patient suffers from (i.e.,...

Nursing Case Study    2
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Nursing Case Study
Question 1
Ans: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of chronic, inflammatory joint disease. OA is quite common around the world. For instance, the prevalence of the condition is 12.3% in France and 21.6% in the United States. The prevalence of different kinds of OA varies. According to a WHO assessment of the worldwide burden of illness, the prevalence of symptomatic hip and knee osteoarthritis was 0.85% and 3.8%, respectively, in 2010. In Australia, OA affects more than 3 million individuals (Ackerman et al,2018).
Osteoarthritis is a complex, diverse illness that accounts for many of the factors that lead to pain and impairment in the aged. The aetiology of OA is multifaceted and includes factors such as genetic susceptibility, obesity, joint misalignment, age, and prior surgery or injury. These elements can be split into two groups: mechanical influences and impacts of ageing and genetics. The researcher observed that this disease is not produced by a single component but rather by a number of elements in support of this Fu (Gersing et al,2017). An individual gets OA after the function of the intact meniscus is gone because the joints become unstable and then experience abnormal mechanical stress.
A mix of environmental, biomechanical, genetic, and systemic variables contribute to the development of OA. The early stages of this illness are influenced by joint difficulties and risk factors at the individual level. Age and gender are two prevalent systemic risk variables for women. A person is also at a higher risk of developing this illness if their body mass index is more than 30 kg per square metre or if they are obese in general. This disorder is brought on by metabolic disruption in obese people and an increase in joint loads. On the other hand, 40% of instances of knee osteoarthritis and roughly 60% of cases of OA affecting the hands and hip are caused by general causes (Ackerman et al,2018).
Osteoarthritis was once exclusively linked to the articular cartilage, according to a study. Recent research suggests that the condition affects the whole joint, nevertheless. Loss of articular cartilage is the main OA alteration. Biomechanical stresses and cellular alterations also result in a significant number of secondary modifications, including the remodelling of the subchondral bone, the development of osteophytes and bone marrow lesions, as well as changes in the joint ligaments, capsule, and synovium. In healthy individuals, the articular cartilage is made up of chondrocytes and an extracellular matrix. OA is caused...