its a quiz test for ENSC 280
QUESTION 1 1. This is a figure from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report (IPCC, 2007), showing how different gases/particles in the atmosphere influence our climate. A positive radiative forcing (x-axis) means the gas warms the atmosphere. A negative radiative forcing means the gas cools the atmosphere. The data are shown as a histogram with uncertainty bars. Which gas/particle has the greatest warming impact on the atmosphere? CH4 Tropospheric ozone CO2 Halocarbons 2 points QUESTION 2 1. This is a figure from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report (IPCC, 2007), showing how different gases/particles in the atmosphere influence our climate. A positive radiative forcing (x-axis) means the gas warms the atmosphere. A negative radiative forcing means the gas cools the atmosphere. The data are shown as a histogram with uncertainty bars. Which gas/particle has the greatest cooling impact on the atmosphere? Aerosols Stratospheric ozone Land use/surface Albedo 1 points QUESTION 3 1. This is a figure from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report (IPCC, 2007), showing how different gases/particles in the atmosphere influence our climate. A positive radiative forcing (x-axis) means the gas warms the atmosphere. A negative radiative forcing means the gas cools the atmosphere. The data are shown as a histogram with uncertainty bars At the bottom of the figure, it lists the total net anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere. What is the best way of describing this result from the figure? The net anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere is cooling (-1.6 W/m2) with a high degree of uncertainty (>50% uncertainty) The net anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere is warming (1.6 W/m2) with a high degree of uncertainty (>50% uncertainty) The net anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere is warming (1.6 W/m2) with a low degree of uncertainty (<50% uncertainty) 1 points question 4 1. this is a figure taken from a scientific article (huntley et al. 2007 pnas) what would be the best way to describe the data? these data are positively and exponentially correlated these data are negatively and linearly correlate these data are negatively and exponentially correlated these data are positively and linearly correlated 1 points question 5 1. if you ran an experiment and then repeated it but found a very different result, how would you describe the experimental procedure? this experiment has high precision this experiment has high accuracy this experiment has low accuracy this experiment has low precision 1 points question 6 1. the second law of thermodynamics states that energy transformations increase the ability to do work. true false 1 points question 7 1. the first law of thermodynamics states that energy is neither created nor destroyed true false 1 points question 8 1. which of the following foods has the highest energy efficiency when eaten by humans? beef chicken apples 1 points question 9 1. of the following, which are products (not reactants) of photosynthesis? i. glucose ii. carbon dioxide iii. water i only ii only iii only ii and iii 1 points question 10 1. of the following, which are products (not reactants) of respiration? i. glucose ii. carbon dioxide iii. water i only ii only iii only ii and iii 1 points question 11 1. compare and contrast the gross primary productivity (gpp) and net primary productivity (npp) of the following 2 ecosystems: ecosystem 1: 5 plants per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 200 g c per year and each plant respires 100 g of c per year ecosystem 2: 1 plant per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 500 g c per year and each plant respires 400 g of c per year what is the gpp of ecosystem 1? 100 g c m-2 yr-1 500 g c m-2 yr-1 1000 g c m-2 yr-1 5000 g c m-2 yr-1 1 points question 12 1. compare and contrast the gross primary productivity (gpp) and net primary productivity (npp) of the following 2 ecosystems: ecosystem 1: 5 plants per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 200 g c per year and each plant respires 100 g of c per year ecosystem 2: 1 plant per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 500 g c per year and each plant respires 400 g of c per year what is the npp of ecosystem 1? 100 g c m-2 yr-1 500 g c m-2 yr-1 1000 g c m-2 yr-1 5000 g c m-2 yr-1 1 points question 13 1. compare and contrast the gross primary productivity (gpp) and net primary productivity (npp) of the following 2 ecosystems: ecosystem 1: 5 plants per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 200 g c per year and each plant respires 100 g of c per year ecosystem 2: 1 plant per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 500 g c per year and each plant respires 400 g of c per year what is the gpp of ecosystem 2? 100 g c m-2 yr-1 500 g c m-2 yr-1 1000 g c m-2 yr-1 5000 g c m-2 yr-1 1 points question 14 1. compare and contrast the gross primary productivity (gpp) and net primary productivity (npp) of the following 2 ecosystems: ecosystem 1: 5 plants per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 200 g c per year and each plant respires 100 g of c per year ecosystem 2: 1 plant per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 500 g c per year and each plant respires 400 g of c per year what is the npp of ecosystem 2? 100 g c m-2 yr-1 500 g c m-2 yr-1 1000 g c m-2 yr-1 5000 g c m-2 yr-1 1 points question 15 1. compare and contrast the gross primary productivity (gpp) and net primary productivity (npp) of the following 2 ecosystems: ecosystem 1: 5 plants per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 200 g c per year and each plant respires 100 g of c per year ecosystem 2: 1 plant per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 500 g c per year and each plant respires 400 g of c per year based on this information, which ecosystem has higher productivity? ecosystem 1 ecosystem 2 1 points 1 points question 16 1. compare and contrast the gross primary productivity (gpp) and net primary productivity (npp) of the following 2 ecosystems: ecosystem 1: 5 plants per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 200 g c per year and each plant respires 100 g of c per year ecosystem 2: 1 plant per square meter; each plant photosynthesizes 500 g c per year and each plant respires 400 g of c per year based on this information, which ecosystem is more likely to have high biodiversity? ecosystem 1 ecosystem 2 1 points question 17 1. which of the following ecosystems has the highest net primary productivity? tropical forest temperate grassland desert 1 points question 18 1. deserts tend to be located in areas with: high precipitation and high sunlight low precipitation and high sunlight high precipitation and low sunlight low precipitation and low sunlight 1 points question 19 1. tropical forests tend to be located in areas with: mid-latitudes, warm temperatures mid-latitudes, cold temperatures high-latitudes, warm temperatures high-latitudes, cold temperatures 1 points question 20 1. the carbon cycle is not balanced; there is more carbon entering the atmosphere than leaving it every year. true false 1 points question 21 1. the major processes regulating the carbon cycle are: fossil fuel combustion land use change photosynthesis all are correct 1 points question 22 1. nitrogen fixation is the process where: microbes convert atmospheric n2 to ammonia humans convert atmospheric ammonia to n2 microbes convert atmospheric ammonia to n2 humans convert atmospheric n2 to ammonia 1 points question 23 1. the haber bosch method is the process where: microbes convert atmospheric n2 to ammonia humans convert atmospheric n2 to ammonia microbes convert atmospheric ammonia to n2 humans convert atmospheric ammonia to n2 1 points question 24 1. sources say that the average single-family home in the us uses 500 pounds of copper within the plumbing, appliances, building wire, and more. if you had access to a 0.5% copper grade ore, how many pounds of ore would you need to mine to build a house? 1,000 lbs ore 10,000 lbs ore 100,000 lbs ore 1,000,000 lbs ore 1 points question 25 1. let’s say you need 10 grams of gold to make a ring for a friend. if you had access to a 10ppm gold grade ore, how many pounds of ore would you need to mine to make the ring? 1,000 lbs ore 10,000 lbs ore 100,000 lbs ore 1,000,000 lbs ore 1 points question 26 1. nitrate pollution of groundwater is an issue in california due to: water purification processes adding nitrates to water farmers applying nitrogen fertilizers to fields the sierra mountains are a natural source of nitrate to groundwater all are correct 1 points question 27 1. soil formation is determined by the following: distance to north pole climate parent material climate and parent material only all are correct 1 points question 28 1. if you want to grow a crop that does not like pools of water on the soil surface (in other words: needs good drainage), you should avoid soils with large amounts of: sand silt clay all are correct 1 points question 29 1. the following are environmental problems associated with cafos (concentrated animal feeding operations) air pollution eutrophication groundwater pollution all are correct 1 points question 30 1. the end result of the example of tragedy of the commons concerning early wheat farmers in california is that: the farmer with the most wheat ended up owning all of the land the farmers with the smallest wheat fields ended up making the most profit the wheat fields were abandoned as soil fertility was depleted all of the farmers shared equally in the profit from the land question 31 1. eutrophication can result in _______________. algal blooms dead zones decreased oxygenation of water all are correct 1 points question 32 1. california energy consumption is dependent on what top 3 energy sources? 1) coal 2) petroleum 3) renewable energy 1) natural gas 2) renewable energy 3) nuclear energy 1) nuclear energy 2) renewable energy 3) natural gas 1) petroleum 2) natural gas 3) renewable energy 1 points question 33 1. senate bill 100 was recently signed by our governor which mandates that ___ % of our electricity must come from renewable energy by the year 2045. 20% 50% 75% 100% 1 points question 34 1. which fossil fuel releases the most carbon dioxide and toxins into the environment? natural gas coal peat petroleum 1 points question 35 1. hydroelectric power is an important power source in california. this power is generated from: converting kinetic energy of water flowing through a dam into electricity converting high temperature water to uncertainty)="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 4="" 1.="" this="" is="" a="" figure="" taken="" from="" a="" scientific="" article="" (huntley="" et="" al.="" 2007="" pnas)="" what="" would="" be="" the="" best="" way="" to="" describe="" the="" data?="" these="" data="" are="" positively="" and="" exponentially="" correlated ="" these="" data="" are="" negatively and="" linearly="" correlate="" these="" data="" are="" negatively="" and="" exponentially="" correlated="" these="" data="" are="" positively="" and="" linearly="" correlated="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 5="" 1.="" if="" you="" ran="" an="" experiment="" and="" then="" repeated="" it="" but="" found="" a="" very="" different="" result,="" how="" would="" you="" describe="" the="" experimental="" procedure?="" this="" experiment="" has="" high="" precision="" this="" experiment="" has="" high="" accuracy="" this="" experiment="" has="" low="" accuracy="" this="" experiment="" has="" low="" precision="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 6="" 1.="" the="" second="" law="" of="" thermodynamics="" states="" that="" energy="" transformations="" increase="" the="" ability="" to="" do="" work.="" true="" false="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 7="" 1.="" the="" first="" law="" of="" thermodynamics="" states="" that="" energy="" is="" neither="" created="" nor="" destroyed="" true="" false="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 8="" 1.="" which="" of="" the="" following="" foods="" has="" the="" highest="" energy="" efficiency="" when="" eaten="" by="" humans?="" beef="" chicken="" apples="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 9="" 1.="" of="" the="" following,="" which="" are="" products="" (not="" reactants) of="" photosynthesis?="" i.="" glucose="" ii.="" carbon="" dioxide="" iii.="" water="" i="" only="" ii="" only="" iii="" only="" ii="" and="" iii="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 10="" 1.="" of="" the="" following,="" which="" are="" products="" (not="" reactants)="" of="" respiration?="" i.="" glucose="" ii.="" carbon="" dioxide="" iii.="" water="" i="" only="" ii="" only="" iii="" only="" ii="" and="" iii="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 11="" 1.="" compare="" and="" contrast="" the="" gross="" primary="" productivity="" (gpp)="" and="" net="" primary="" productivity="" (npp)="" of="" the="" following="" 2="" ecosystems:="" ecosystem="" 1:="" 5="" plants="" per="" square="" meter;="" each="" plant="" photosynthesizes="" 200="" g="" c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires="" 100="" g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" ecosystem="" 2:="" 1="" plant="" per="" square="" meter;="" each="" plant="" photosynthesizes="" 500="" g="" c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires="" 400="" g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" what="" is="" the="" gpp="" of="" ecosystem="" 1?="" 100="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1="" 500="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1 ="" 1000="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1 ="" 5000="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1 ="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 12="" 1.="" compare="" and="" contrast="" the="" gross="" primary productivity (gpp) and net="" primary productivity (npp) of the following 2 ecosystems:="" ecosystem 1: 5 plants per="" square="" meter; each="" plant photosynthesizes 200 g c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires 100 g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" ecosystem 2: 1 plant per="" square="" meter; each="" plant photosynthesizes 500 g c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires 400 g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" what="" is="" the="" npp="" of="" ecosystem="" 1?="" 100="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1="" 500="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1="" 1000="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1="" 5000="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 13="" 1.="" compare="" and="" contrast="" the="" gross="" primary="" productivity="" (gpp)="" and="" net="" primary="" productivity="" (npp)="" of="" the="" following="" 2="" ecosystems:="" ecosystem="" 1:="" 5="" plants="" per="" square="" meter;="" each="" plant="" photosynthesizes="" 200="" g="" c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires="" 100="" g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" ecosystem="" 2:="" 1="" plant="" per="" square="" meter;="" each="" plant="" photosynthesizes="" 500="" g="" c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires="" 400="" g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" what="" is="" the="" gpp="" of="" ecosystem="" 2?="" 100="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1="" 500="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1 ="" 1000="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1 ="" 5000="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1 ="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 14="" 1.="" compare="" and="" contrast="" the="" gross="" primary productivity (gpp) and net="" primary productivity (npp) of the following 2 ecosystems:="" ecosystem 1: 5 plants per="" square="" meter; each="" plant photosynthesizes 200 g c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires 100 g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" ecosystem 2: 1 plant per="" square="" meter; each="" plant photosynthesizes 500 g c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires 400 g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" what="" is="" the="" npp="" of="" ecosystem="" 2?="" 100="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1="" 500="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1="" 1000="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1="" 5000="" g="" c="" m-2 yr-1="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 15="" 1.="" compare="" and="" contrast="" the="" gross="" primary productivity (gpp) and net="" primary productivity (npp) of the following 2 ecosystems:="" ecosystem 1: 5 plants per="" square="" meter; each="" plant photosynthesizes 200 g c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires 100 g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" ecosystem 2: 1 plant per="" square="" meter; each="" plant photosynthesizes 500 g c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires 400 g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" based="" on="" this="" information,="" which="" ecosystem="" has="" higher="" productivity?="" ecosystem="" 1="" ecosystem="" 2="" 1="" points="" ="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 16="" 1.="" compare="" and="" contrast="" the="" gross="" primary productivity (gpp) and net="" primary productivity (npp) of the following 2 ecosystems:="" ecosystem 1: 5 plants per="" square="" meter; each="" plant photosynthesizes 200 g c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires 100 g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" ecosystem 2: 1 plant per="" square="" meter; each="" plant photosynthesizes 500 g c="" per="" year="" and="" each="" plant="" respires 400 g="" of="" c="" per="" year="" based="" on="" this="" information,="" which="" ecosystem="" is="" more="" likely="" to="" have="" high="" biodiversity?="" ecosystem="" 1="" ecosystem="" 2="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 17="" 1.="" which="" of="" the="" following="" ecosystems="" has="" the="" highest="" net="" primary="" productivity?="" tropical="" forest="" temperate="" grassland="" desert="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 18="" 1.="" deserts="" tend="" to="" be="" located="" in="" areas="" with:="" high="" precipitation="" and="" high="" sunlight="" low="" precipitation="" and="" high="" sunlight="" high="" precipitation="" and="" low="" sunlight="" low="" precipitation="" and="" low="" sunlight="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 19="" 1.="" tropical="" forests="" tend="" to="" be="" located="" in="" areas="" with:="" mid-latitudes,="" warm="" temperatures="" mid-latitudes,="" cold="" temperatures="" high-latitudes,="" warm="" temperatures="" high-latitudes,="" cold="" temperatures="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 20="" 1.="" the="" carbon="" cycle="" is="" not="" balanced;="" there="" is="" more="" carbon="" entering="" the="" atmosphere="" than="" leaving="" it="" every="" year.="" true="" false="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 21="" 1.="" the="" major="" processes="" regulating="" the="" carbon="" cycle="" are:="" fossil="" fuel="" combustion="" land="" use="" change="" photosynthesis="" all="" are="" correct="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 22="" 1.="" nitrogen="" fixation="" is="" the="" process="" where:="" microbes="" convert="" atmospheric="" n2 to="" ammonia="" humans="" convert="" atmospheric="" ammonia="" to="" n2="" microbes="" convert="" atmospheric="" ammonia="" to n2 ="" humans="" convert="" atmospheric="" n2 to="" ammonia="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 23="" 1.="" the="" haber="" bosch="" method="" is="" the="" process="" where:="" microbes="" convert="" atmospheric="" n2 to="" ammonia="" humans="" convert="" atmospheric="" n2 to="" ammonia="" microbes="" convert="" atmospheric="" ammonia="" to="" n2="" humans="" convert="" atmospheric="" ammonia="" to n2="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 24="" 1.="" sources="" say="" that="" the="" average="" single-family="" home="" in="" the="" us="" uses="" 500="" pounds="" of="" copper="" within="" the="" plumbing,="" appliances,="" building="" wire,="" and="" more.="" if="" you="" had="" access="" to="" a="" 0.5%="" copper="" grade="" ore,="" how="" many="" pounds="" of="" ore="" would="" you="" need="" to="" mine="" to="" build="" a="" house?="" 1,000="" lbs="" ore="" 10,000="" lbs="" ore="" 100,000="" lbs="" ore="" 1,000,000="" lbs="" ore="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 25="" 1.="" let’s="" say="" you="" need="" 10="" grams="" of="" gold="" to="" make="" a="" ring="" for="" a="" friend.="" if="" you="" had="" access="" to="" a="" 10ppm="" gold="" grade="" ore,="" how="" many="" pounds="" of="" ore="" would="" you="" need="" to="" mine="" to="" make="" the="" ring?="" 1,000="" lbs="" ore="" 10,000="" lbs="" ore="" 100,000="" lbs="" ore="" 1,000,000="" lbs="" ore="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 26="" 1.="" nitrate="" pollution="" of="" groundwater="" is="" an="" issue="" in="" california="" due="" to:="" water="" purification="" processes="" adding="" nitrates="" to="" water="" farmers="" applying="" nitrogen="" fertilizers="" to fields="" the="" sierra="" mountains="" are="" a="" natural="" source="" of="" nitrate="" to="" groundwater="" all="" are="" correct="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 27="" 1.="" soil="" formation="" is="" determined="" by="" the="" following:="" distance="" to="" north="" pole="" climate="" parent="" material="" climate="" and="" parent="" material="" only="" all="" are="" correct="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 28="" 1.="" if="" you="" want="" to="" grow="" a="" crop="" that="" does="" not="" like="" pools="" of="" water="" on="" the="" soil="" surface="" (in="" other="" words:="" needs="" good="" drainage),="" you="" should="" avoid="" soils="" with="" large="" amounts="" of:="" sand="" silt="" clay="" all="" are="" correct="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 29="" 1.="" the="" following="" are="" environmental="" problems="" associated="" with="" cafos="" (concentrated="" animal="" feeding="" operations)="" air="" pollution="" eutrophication="" groundwater="" pollution="" all="" are="" correct="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 30="" 1.="" the="" end="" result="" of="" the="" example="" of="" tragedy="" of="" the="" commons="" concerning="" early="" wheat="" farmers="" in="" california="" is="" that:="" the="" farmer="" with="" the="" most="" wheat="" ended="" up="" owning="" all="" of="" the="" land="" the="" farmers="" with="" the="" smallest="" wheat="" fields="" ended="" up="" making="" the="" most="" profit="" the="" wheat="" fields="" were="" abandoned="" as="" soil="" fertility="" was="" depleted="" all="" of="" the="" farmers="" shared="" equally="" in="" the="" profit="" from="" the="" land="" question="" 31="" 1.="" eutrophication can="" result="" in="" _______________.="" algal="" blooms="" dead="" zones="" decreased="" oxygenation="" of="" water="" all="" are="" correct="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 32="" 1.="" california="" energy="" consumption="" is="" dependent="" on="" what="" top="" 3="" energy="" sources?="" 1)="" coal="" 2) petroleum="" 3) renewable="" energy="" 1)="" natural="" gas="" 2) renewable="" energy="" 3) nuclear="" energy="" 1)="" nuclear="" energy="" 2) renewable="" energy="" 3) natural="" gas="" 1)="" petroleum="" 2) natural="" gas="" 3) renewable="" energy="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 33="" 1.="" senate="" bill="" 100="" was="" recently="" signed="" by="" our="" governor="" which="" mandates="" that="" ___="" %="" of="" our="" electricity="" must="" come="" from="" renewable="" energy="" by="" the="" year="" 2045.="" 20%="" 50%="" 75%="" 100%="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 34="" 1.="" which="" fossil="" fuel="" releases="" the="" most="" carbon="" dioxide="" and="" toxins="" into="" the="" environment?="" natural="" gas="" coal="" peat="" petroleum="" 1="" points="" ="" question="" 35="" 1.="" hydroelectric="" power="" is="" an="" important="" power="" source="" in="" california.="" this="" power="" is="" generated="" from:="" converting="" kinetic="" energy="" of="" water="" flowing="" through="" a="" dam="" into="" electricity="" converting="" high="" temperature="" water="">