QUESTION 1 1. Consider the following argument: 1. Yesenia loves dogs. 2. If a person loves dogs, s/he also believes that mountain climbing is unsafe. 3. Therefore, Yesenia believes that mountain...

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QUESTION 1 1. Consider the following argument: 1. Yesenia loves dogs. 2. If a person loves dogs, s/he also believes that mountain climbing is unsafe. 3. Therefore, Yesenia believes that mountain climbing is unsafe. The argument is valid. The argument is invalid. The argument is both valid and invalid. The argument is neither valid nor invalid. QUESTION 2 1. Consider the following argument: 1. In 2018 there was an excellent harvest in Iowa. 2. Every year that corn prices drop, there is an excellent harvest in Iowa. 3. Therefore, corn prices dropped in 2018. The argument is valid. The argument is invalid. The argument is both valid and invalid. The argument is neither valid nor invalid. QUESTION 3 1. Consider the following argument: 1. Birds are mammals. 2. Everything that is warm blooded is a mammal.  3. Therefore, birds are warm blooded. The argument is valid. The argument is invalid. The argument is both valid and invalid. The argument is neither valid nor invalid. QUESTION 4 1. Consider the following argument: 1. The Miami Dolphins went undefeated last year (that is, they won 16 games and lost none). 2. If the Miami Dolphins went undefeated last year, the city of Hialeah turned into an ice cream cone.  3. Therefore, the city of Hialeah turned into an ice cream cone. The argument is valid and sound. The argument is valid and unsound. The argument is sound but invalid. The argument is neither valid nor sound. QUESTION 5 1. Consider the following argument: 1. Mentos are a type of candy. 2. Everything that is sweet is a type of candy. 3. Therefore, Mentos are sweet.  The argument is valid. The argument is invalid. The argument is neither valid nor invalid. The argument is both valid and invalid. QUESTION 6 1. Consider the following job ad: “We are looking to hire someone for a secretarial position.  The successful candidate must be able to type 35 words per minute and occasionally lift heavy objects." Occasionally lifting heavy objects is a necessary condition on being hired. Occasionally lifting heavy objects is a sufficient condition on being hired. Occasionally lifting heavy objects is both a necessary and sufficient condition on being hired. Occasionally lifting heavy objects is neither a necessary nor sufficient condition on being hired. QUESTION 7 1. There are two ways to become an attorney.  The first way is to pass the bar exam.  If you do that, you are an attorney.  The second way is to graduate from an accredited law school.  If you do that, you are an attorney. Passing the bar exam is a necessary condition on becoming and attorney. Passing the bar exam is a sufficient condition on becoming and attorney. Passing the bar exam is both a necessary and a sufficient condition on becoming and attorney. Passing the bar exam is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition on becoming and attorney. QUESTION 8 1. Amy wants to join the army.  The recruiter explains that in order to join the army, you must be able to complete at least 15 push ups and you also must be able to complete at least 30 sit ups.   Being able to complete at least 15 push ups is a necessary condition on joining the army. Being able to complete at least 15 push ups is a sufficient condition on joining the army. Being able to complete at least 15 push ups is both a necessary and sufficient condition on joining the army. Being able to complete at least 15 push ups is neither a necessary nor sufficient condition on joining the army. QUESTION 9 1. In the United States... Winning the most electoral votes is necessary but not sufficient to be elected president. Winning the most electoral votes is sufficient but not necessary to be elected president. Winning the most electoral votes is both necessary and sufficient to be elected president. Winning the most electoral votes is neither necessary nor sufficient to be elected president. QUESTION 10 1. What is the difference between causation and correlation?    QUESTION 11 1. A company’s advertisement makes the following two claims: (i) People who use our test preparation software have an average SAT score that is 10 points higher than people who do not use our software.  (ii) This shows that using our test preparation software causes people to do better on the SAT.   Can you think of a reason why claim (i) could be true, while claim (ii) is false? QUESTION 12 1. In class we discussed the prisoners dilemma.  Briefly describe what that is and what it shows about critical thinking.  There are no hard and fast length requirements.  But as a rough guide, you should aim to make your answer between 2-4 paragraphs.