Answer To: QUESTION # XXXXXXXXXXPAGES) Complete the Unit 2 Assignment: The Evolution of the Juvenile Justice...
Shubham answered on Oct 25 2021
Running Head: JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM 1
JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM 2
JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
Table of Contents
Question 1 3
Question 2 5
Case 1: 5
Case 2: 5
Question 3 5
Question 4 7
Learning Theory (Sociological Positivism): 7
Biological Positivism: 7
Psychological Positivism: 8
Question 5 9
References 10
Question 1
The history and evolution of juvenile justice system is dated back to 1700s when a ship landed in Halifax when some children on board were died due to ailments. Another condition, which was reported, was social conditions of children at military garrison. In 1761, The Acting Governor Jonathan Belcher passed a special note for the care of such children.
After that more case of abortions, abandoned children were reported which was certainly responsible for increasing the number of crimes by youth such as murder, theft and vandalism. The Juvenile Delinquents Act, 1908 was created due to social reform movement at diverse level in order to rescue and save children from harmful and undesirable impacts of urbanization and industrialization of the society.
It was instrumental and distinguishable it helped in transforming a common law into a criminal responsibility. It described that a child has to be of particular age to form a criminal intent. For example at doli incapax age, which is the age when the child is under seven years, cannot differentiate between right and wrong.
Seven to fourteen years of age is named as prima facie which needs proofs to validate that child has capacity to distinguish between good and bad. This protected status of child in terms of their protection from others and from themselves. Due to haphazard establishment of juvenile courts, in 1910 it was felt that every County and District criminal court would have juvenile courts.
In 1916, an act respecting Juvenile courts was passed which ensured that in every city such courts would be present. In 1928 with the efforts of Charlotte Whitton, Canadian Council on Child Welfare and the Canadian Conference of Child Protection Officers a complete revision of Act was discussed. Changes that were proposed were of technical nature and removed provisions, which were making the act handicap.
In 1947, a report listed 39 convictions of teenage boys, which shook the legal system. They were indulged in crimes such as assault, larceny, disorderly conduct and trespass. After that, patterns of delinquency were notice in Canada too. This time the criminal cases were more serious in nature. With steady discussions and case references on 11March, 1999 Bill c-68 was introduced under Youth Criminal Justice Act.
The final draft of Youth Criminal Justice Act was came into force on 1 April 2003. It helped in serving formal and selective justice to young people. The factors, principles and purpose of the Act were more elaborative and accommodative in sentencing, supervision, custody and extrajudicial measures.
At present, the Youth Criminal Justice Act is a legal foundation through which police, government, judges, lawyers and other social...