Q3: Measures of variables Give your comments on the reliability and validity of measures of the variables. Q4: Collection of data on social demographics The purpose of this research is to find the...

Answer to each question are examined with specific examples under references.
Question 3: Measures of variables.
Variables are used to set up an experiment. In multi-faceted study, a large number of variables are used. However, by including large number of irrelevant variables, entire study leads to incorrect measure, analysis and conclusion. Chosen variable influenced an outcome of an experiment that satisfy objective of research to be meaningful & purposeful within scope and in alignment with objective outcome. In this context, let us look at what is termed as statistically validity and reliability.
First, look at what is termed as reliable? At the time of setting up experiment till conclusion of an experiment, questions of consistency and accuracy are raised. As submitted above, forecast is based upon variable(s). Therefore, a variable is said to be reliable when it explains an experiment steadily. For this purpose, an independent variable is used in research.
Second, look at what is termed as statistical validity? A variable is said to be statistical valid when it is verified. One method of measuring statistical validity is hypothesis testing at chosen confidence level. This hypothesis testing is embedded in experiment, as suitable.
Overview of these principals are in following references.
Reference 1: Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt in their research labelled “5 threats” as influencer. These “5 threats” are multiple variables used for explaining response of “job insecurity”. “5 threats” / explanatory variables are –
(1) Perceived threat
(2) importance to perceived threat as weight
(3) various events like being fired or laid off negatively affecting total job
(4) importance attached to each potentiality and
(5) powerlessness resulting in response variable of “job insecurity”.
A variable is included in an experiment with logic that it will explain desired response of “job insecurity”. On these lines, it is said that inclusion of “5 threats” is logical for explaining job insecurity. Therefore, variables are reliable.
Further in experiment, multifaced reality of job insecurity is argued. This is tested for relationship validity examined on two points
(1) Argument based on above mentioned “5 threat” presented by Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt. (2) Variety related constructs based on two existing global job insecurity measures.
Statistically, explanatory variable should relate to response variable, that is “job insecurity”. And explanatory should not relate with other explanatory variables. Due to correlation between explanatory variable, results of an experiment are negatively affected. This is due loss of information among explanatory variable due to correlation and therefore, information not getting reflected in response variable. This concept is statistically called as multicollinearity. Therefore, validity measure will ensure that there is no multicollinearity between explanatory variable, that is “5 threats”. Based on these submissions, it is said that measures of variable are valid.
Reference 2: Explanatory variables augmenting above statistical principals and reference 1, are used in reference 2. Uses of macro indicator as “explanatory variable” is reliable due to country specific differences. Following variables are statistically valid and reliable for examining “job insecurity” response in various countries based up on above explained principals;
· Average Tenure in measured by overall growth & stability in economy with “GDP”.
· Age, Manual worker, Large firm employee and public service employees, Manufacturing industry and the service sector by “Long term employment”.
· Family and partner influence and Household economic situation with “social security”.
· Fixed-term contracts or permanent contracts or temporary agency workers legal safeguarded by “Employment protection”.
Reference 3: In continuation of above 2 reference studies, cognitive aspects and emotional affecting aspects are examined in this reference 3 with following variables. These are in line with principals and references mentioned above. These variables provide “external source” for augmenting principal of reliable and validity mentioned above.
Question 4: Collection of data on social demographics. Find association between quantitative and qualitative job insecurity and well-being. However, data on variables such as gender, age, education level, extra income were also collected. What is the purpose of collecting data on variables such as gender, age, education level etc?
Reference 1: This is targeted towards social research. Quantitative data provides summary of research experiment while qualitative data provides trend and patters. Therefore, leveraging on both qualitative and quantitative data, balances strength and weakness associated in both types of data gets addressed.
Socio-demographic characteristic helps to understand nature of population. This should be in alignment with objective of research. A sample collected in research will reflect distribution and nature of socio-demographic variable that will later be used for drawing inferences. Surmise below are socio-demographic characteristic;
· Location of respondents: Northern United States
· Choice of sample: From variety of organisation in mentioned location.
· Sampling method: Group data collection from different clusters.
· Group 1: 59 members of Delaware Valley Section of the American Indus- trial Hygienist Association who are Industrial hygienist. Out of 59.
· Group...