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Project Leadership and Resistance to Change Lundy, V., & Morin, P. (2013). Project leadership influences resistance to change: The case of Canadian public service. Project Management Journal, 44(4) , 45-64. Introduction This paper is based on a case study qualitative research involving sixteen participants drawn from employees of Environment Canada’s Information Management/Technology branch, whose job functions are computer related. This data was used to examine how leadership affects resistance to change in projects, in the Canadian Public Service. It explores the influence of the project manager on the change process and the potential resistance resulting from it, and also investigates what actions, behaviors, and attitudes of the project manager can potentially reduce resistance and facilitate the change. This article although only representative of one organization in the Canadian Public Service is an extremely useful reference for project managers and other stakeholders alike, in helping them understand the role of leadership in change management. The authors purpose for this research is fulfilled as it comes up with some useful insights on how concerns regarding uncertainties about the unknown, novelty, routine distraction, culture change, and loss of status influence resistance to change. Interestingly, their research found that an engaging leadership style, developed through proper training, effectively reduce resistance to change. That may explain why some project managers are more successful than others in managing change. Analysis The conclusions reached by the authors of this article seem to corroborate that of previous studies which acknowledge the importance of leadership in change management (Noer, 1997; Nadler & Nadler, 1998; Higgs & Rowland, 2005; Michaelis, Stegmaier & Sonntag, 2009). Noer (1997) argues that leaders are probably the most important tools for change, given that their spirit, insight, wisdom, compassion, values, and learning skills are all vital ingredients in ensuring that others embrace change without resistance. There is no doubt that it is the leader’s behavior that makes the change efforts more effective (Higgs & Rowland, 2005). This is because people usually resist change because they are comfortable with the status quo, and are unwilling to welcome any changes that could take them out of their comfort zone (Frost, 2015). That is why charismatic leadership is needed to guide people from the beginning to the end of the change implementation process (Michaelis, Stegmaier & Sonntag, 2009). The limitation of this study lies in the research methodology used. Since this study is a case study qualitative research involving 16 participants, there is a possibility that it influenced the outcome of the study. Case study research sometimes lack rigor, reflect the researchers’ bias, and provide insufficient data for generalization (Yin, 1984; Maoz, 2002; Yin, 2009). It is likely that if a similar study is carried out elsewhere, the finding would be different, hence the https://moodle.federation.edu.au/user/view.php?id=57913&course=23579 generalizability of the findings of this study is limited (Tellis, 1997). Furthermore, the study’s reliance on qualitative methods imposses limitations on the reliability of the findings. Utilizing qualitative research methods increases the possibility that the data used for a study will be unreliable, some important issues will be overlooked, and the conclusion reached will reflect the personal experiences of the researchers (ACAPS, 2012; Choy, 2014). Finally, the fact that only 16 persons were interviewed for the study makes the findings of the study even less generalizable. In the field of information systems, qualitative interviews should involve between 15 and 30 people, and the higher the number of interviews, the higher the reliability of the outcome (Marshall, Cardon, Poddar, & Fontenot, 2013). The number of participants in this study (16) falls within the lower band of the required range, thereby casting aspersions on the reliability of the findings. Conclusion In spite of the few limitations identified above, the study is significant in so many ways. The results of the study provide useful evidence regarding how training impacts on leadership style, and how the later in-turn influences resistance to change during projects. This paper is a very useful addition to the growing literature on the factors that affect the change management process in projects, as it goes beyond identifying leadership to be a factor that affects the change management process, to specifically determine that effective and competent leadership has the potential to eliminate or reduce incidents of resistance to change to the barest minimum. This study could be a basis for further research on the factors that influence the leadership style of project managers in different cultures. There are several factors that underpin resistance to change, however effective leadership is the antidote. Lessons for the IT Manager There are important lessons that project managers can learn from this study. Project managers can deduce from the findings of this paper that they need good training in order to become engaging and effective leaders. More importantly, they can learn that if they are able to provide effective leadership during projects, the problem of resistance to change will be eliminated or reduced to the barest minimum. In summary, the role of the project manager requires good leadership skills, and good leadership skills are acquired through proper training. References ACAPS. (2012). Qualitative and quantitative research techniques for humanitarian needs assessment. Choy, L. T. (2014). The strenghts abd weaknesses of research methodology: Comparison and complementary between qualitative and quantitative approaches. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 19(4) , 99-104. Frost, S. (2015). Barriers & challenges to change implementation. Retrieved April 17, 2015, from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/barriers-challenges-change- implementation-30842.html Hiatt, J. M., & Creasey, T. J. (2003). Change management: The people side of change. Colorado: Prosci Learning Center Publications. Higgs, M., & Rowland, D. (2005). All changes Great and small:Exploring Approaches to change and its Leadership. Journal of Change Management, 5(2) , 121-151. Lundy, V., & Morin, P. (2013). Project leadership influences resistance to change: The case of Canadian public service. Project Management Journal, 44(4) , 45-64. Maoz, Z. (2002). Case study methodology in international studies: From storytelling to hypothesis testing. In F. P. Harvey, & M. Brecher, Evaluating Methodology in International Studies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Marshall, B., Cardon, P., Poddar, A., & Fontenot, R. (2013). Does sample size matter in qualitative research?: A eview of qualitative interviews in research. Journal of Computer Informartion Systems , 11-22. Michaelis, B., Stegmaier, R., & Sonntag, R. (2009). Affective commitment to change and innovation implementation behavior: The role charismatic leadership and employee trust in top management. Journal of Change Management, 9(4) , 399-417. Nadler, D., & Nadler, M. B. (1998). Champions of change: How CEOs and their companies are mastering the skills of radical change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Noer, D. M. (1997). Breaking free: A prescription for personal and organizational change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Tellis, W. (1997). Introduction to case study. The Qualitative Report, 3(2) , http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR3-2/tellis1.html. Wernerfelt, B. (1984 ). A resource-based view of the firm, . Strategic Management Journal 5 , 171–180. Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods . London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Yin, R. K. (1984). Case study research: Design and methods. Beverly Hills, California: Sage. Project Leadership Influences resistance to change.pdf Permalink | Edit | Delete | Reply | Export to portfolio Re: Project Leadership and Resistance to Change https://moodle.federation.edu.au/pluginfile.php/1461979/mod_forum/attachment/340739/Project%20Leadership%20Influences%20resistance%20to%20change.pdf https://moodle.federation.edu.au/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=132540#p340739 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/mod/forum/post.php?edit=340739 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/mod/forum/post.php?delete=340739 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/mod/forum/post.php?reply=340739#mformforum https://moodle.federation.edu.au/portfolio/add.php?ca_postid=340739&sesskey=O1vwttTk2Q&callbackcomponent=mod_forum&callbackclass=forum_portfolio_caller&course=23579&callerformats=richhtml%2Cleap2a&instance=1 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/pluginfile.php/1461979/mod_forum/attachment/340739/Project Leadership Influences resistance to change.pdf https://moodle.federation.edu.au/portfolio/add.php?ca_postid=340739&ca_attachment=10114495&sesskey=O1vwttTk2Q&callbackcomponent=mod_forum&callbackclass=forum_portfolio_caller&course=23579&callerformats=pdf%2Crichhtml%2Cplainhtml%2Cleap2a&instance=1 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/portfolio/add.php?ca_postid=340739&ca_attachment=10114495&sesskey=O1vwttTk2Q&callbackcomponent=mod_forum&callbackclass=forum_portfolio_caller&course=23579&callerformats=pdf%2Crichhtml%2Cplainhtml%2Cleap2a&instance=1 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/portfolio/add.php?ca_postid=340739&ca_attachment=10114495&sesskey=O1vwttTk2Q&callbackcomponent=mod_forum&callbackclass=forum_portfolio_caller&course=23579&callerformats=pdf%2Crichhtml%2Cplainhtml%2Cleap2a&instance=1 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/user/view.php?id=73911&course=23579 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/portfolio/add.php?ca_postid=340739&ca_attachment=10114495&sesskey=O1vwttTk2Q&callbackcomponent=mod_forum&callbackclass=forum_portfolio_caller&course=23579&callerformats=pdf%2Crichhtml%2Cplainhtml%2Cleap2a&instance=1 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/user/view.php?id=73911&course=23579 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/user/view.php?id=73911&course=23579 by Maryam Dehghanian - Friday, 30 October 2015, 2:50 PM Hi Chuck, I would like to say, good choice of paper, well review and nice conclusion. It is interesting to read the article which is combine of a few authors' research in the same area. I am impressed the way you obtain different points of views to finalise and support the idea of leadership style plays significant role in an organisation, according to deal with the difficulty to change. As you have mentioned, leader must be trained to be able to lead members in a project. I would like to insistent that culture change can be one of the main keys of success in changes in any organisation. It would be fantastic to have a study in that area. Perhaps, I will follow that in near future. Thank you Permalink | Show parent | Edit | Split | Delete | Reply | Export to portfolio Re: Project Leadership and Resistance to Change by Mohamed Fayaz Ali Sultan Abdul Kader - Saturday, 31 October 2015, 1:41 PM Hi Chuck, Very nice article to read and you have done a very good research. The way you added some case studies (I can see it in your references) fabricates your research. Well done! Besides that, as you mentioned some points to have a good leadership is impressive, I do agree with those points and every project manager needs to be aware of those key factors which you have mentioned in your research. Good Job Regards, Fayaz.. https://moodle.federation.edu.au/user/view.php?id=73911&course=23579 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=132540#p340780 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=132540#p340739 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/mod/forum/post.php?edit=340780 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/mod/forum/post.php?prune=340780 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/mod/forum/post.php?delete=340780 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/mod/forum/post.php?reply=340780#mformforum https://moodle.federation.edu.au/portfolio/add.php?ca_postid=340780&sesskey=O1vwttTk2Q&callbackcomponent=mod_forum&callbackclass=forum_portfolio_caller&course=23579&callerformats=plainhtml%2Cleap2a&instance=1 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/user/view.php?id=74278&course=23579 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/user/view.php?id=74278&course=23579 https://moodle.federation.edu.au/user/view.php?id=74278&course=23579 Assessment 4 – ITECH 7401 Leadership in IT Project Management Task Name Team Leadership Blog Purpose To encourage students to expand their thinking through reading and sharing of their ideas in a web 2.0 format used by many project managers. Timelines and Expectations Percentage Value of Task: 10% (30 marks). Due:Week 11 – Sunday 6 June 2021, 23:59 pm Minimum time expectation: This task