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Running Head: ASSIGNMENT 1: READING CIRCLE    1
ASSIGNMENT 1: READING CIRCLE         2
ASSIGNMENT 1: READING CIRCLE
Table of Contents
Critical Analysis    3
Chosen Article:    3
Other Student’s Critical Response    6
References    8
Appendix    9
Personal Reflection    9
Critical Analysis
Chosen Article:
Holdsworth, M. T., Bond, R., Parikh, S., Yacop, B., & Wittstrom, K. M. (2015). Root Cause Analysis Design and Its Application to Pharmacy Education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 79(7), 1–7
    The selected review article by Holdsworth, Bond, Parikh, Yacop and Wittstrom (2015) tries to identify the ability of pharmacy students to design and apply root cause analysis to sentinel event and the analyses the student responses as efficient and deficient. As suggested by Senders (2018), preventable medical errors are root cause of death of many people every year. It has been estimated that medication error is the third main cause of death of people in the US and the world is not an exception from this data. As noticed by Kirkman et al. (2015), the integration of patient safety curricula in healthcare education has not been reviewed for many years. Recent studies conducted on the application of patient safety curricula on course that there is gap in knowledge and guidance. Some of the important topics such as risk communication and Food and Drug Administration’s sentinel event initiatives are not properly discussed. Good instructional method is needed to provide student education on patient safety.
    As mentioned by Makary and Daniel (2016), root cause analysis is a good instructional method to address the patient safety in pharmacy education. Root cause analysis can help in prevention of medication errors. As noted by Latino, Latino and Latino (2016), root cause analysis can be defined as a problem-solving approach, which identifies the root causes or faulty system component, that are responsible of error instead of addressing the proximal cause of error. As suggested by Kellogg et al. (2017), healthcare systems where root cause analysis has been applied, it results in successful examining of patient safety. It has been suggested to apply the root cause analysis in medication safety course.
    In this paper, Holdsworth, Bond, Parikh, Yacop and Wittstrom (2015) have established that they conducted the experiment on students as learning exercise. Students were given predefined sentinel events but they did not apply the RCA (root cause analysis) process to the practice. Instructor made the groups to practice the approach by identifying the key elements to determine the root cause. Although RCA approach used in groups, cannot give the certainty that every student understands the method yet this assignment can help the student to understand the multitude of cause of the specific errors. To address the patient safety, in curriculum of pharmacy student there is a medication safety course.
For the key assessment, students are asked to either identify or create preventable sentinel event with as medication error. Then design a comprehensive RCA to examine the aetiology of the event. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the efficiency of RCA key assessment and its implication to provide patient safety by the students. This is because if students are successfully able to use to RCA approach in providing the patient safety then this can...