Practice Questions: The counterfactual ideal comparison group for a cohort study would consist of exactly the same individuals in the exposed group had they not been exposed. a) True b) False If 20%...

M2

Extracted text: Practice Questions: The counterfactual ideal comparison group for a cohort study would consist of exactly the same individuals in the exposed group had they not been exposed. a) True b) False If 20% of exposed cases, 20% of exposed controls, 10% of unexposed cases and 30% of unexposed controls are misclassified on exposure, what type of bias is present? a) differential misclassification b) non-differential misclassification c) selection bias d) recall bias Which of the following is not a characteristic of effect-modification? a) The exposure-outcome relationship differs by strata b) It should be controlled for in the analysis c) You compare stratum-specific estimates to evaluate effect modification d) All of the above Which of the following does not minimize the effects of confounding in an observation study? a) Stratification b) Restriction c) Randomization d) Increase sample size The New York Study began in 2015 to evaluate a series of hypotheses about nutritional factors and the incidence of heart disease among residents of the city of New York. Every two who were heart disease free at study enrollment receive mailed surveys with questions about their diet and other health-related topics like smoking, physical activity, and medica Participants also attend an in-person clinic session every two years, where cardiovascular health and heart disease is assessed. What kind of study is this? a) Ecologic study b) Prospective cohort study c) Retrospective cohort study d) Case control study