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8/11/2021 Purdue University Global https://purdueglobal.brightspace.com/d2l/le/content/175359/viewContent/12296106/View 1/2 ASSIGNMENT DETAILS Assignment Details Assignment Submission Science and Technology Science is the study of how the universe works using the scientific method as a framework for asking questions. Throughout history, humans have built up a body of scientific knowledge and have used this knowledge to develop technologies to make life easier, or to broaden their knowledge. Scientific discovery drives technological advances and sometimes, as new technologies are developed, they enable scientists to answer questions that were unanswerable before. For example, researchers had to understand the physics of visible light and how it changes when going through different substances before they could use this knowledge to design microscopes. Once microscope technology was developed, it allowed scientists to ask questions about things that were not visible to the human eye. For this assignment you will look at this interdependence between science and technology by learning more about one biotechnology that is crucial to the modern world such as feeding a growing world population, fighting disease, developing new fuels, or cleaning up the environment. Example: If you were thinking about cell phones (not a biotechnology), you could look at the scientific discoveries that had to happen before cell phones could exist. The discovery of electricity, electromagnetic waves, and the electrochemistry of batteries all had to happen before cell phones could be invented. You could also look at the technological advances that had to happen before we could have cell phones. Batteries, electric circuit boards, receivers, speakers, and satellites all had to exist before someone could invent the cell phone. To learn more about biotechnology, review the assigned readings in your textbook for this unit and review the assignment resources. Select one specific biotechnology that you are interested in learning more about. For your selected biotechnology address the following questions in the table. What biotechnology did you select? Explain what it is and how it is used. 1. Identify two scientific discoveries that had to take place before your selected biotechnology could be developed. 2. Describe the two scientific discoveries that had to take place before your selected biotechnology could be developed. When and how did the discoveries that you described take place? 3. Identify two technologies that had to exist before your selected biotechnology could be developed. 4. Describe the two technologies that had to exist before your selected biotechnology could be developed. How long have the technologies that you described existed? 5. Identify and discuss two positives and two negatives of biotechnological advances. Are there any biotechnologies that you think should not be pursued? Why or why not? Explain your answer. Basic Writing Expectations: At least 300 words not counting the instructions, questions or reference pages. Use a minimum of four sources (with at least one from the PG library). Free of grammar, spelling and punctuation errors. No evidence of plagiarism. Use the APA style for all citations. Be original and insightful with no more than 10% taken verbatim from any outside sources. For help with citations, refer to the APA Quick Guide. For additional writing help, visit the Writing Center and review the guidelines for research, citation and plagiarism: Writing Center Using Sources Turnitin Analysis A special feature is available to help you with reviewing your Unit 8 Assignment for plagiarism. When you submit your Assignment to the Unit 8 Dropbox, your Assignment will automatically be analyzed by the plagiarism detection tool, Turnitin. Soon after you submit your Assignment, you ASSIGNMENT RESOURCES Assignment Rubrics https://kapextmediassl-a.akamaihd.net/genEd/SC200/2001C/SC200_U8Assignment_Resources_2001C.pdf https://kapextmediassl-a.akamaihd.net/genEd/SC200/2001C/SC200_Unit8_Table.docx https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/page/apa-common-citations https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/page/writing-center https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/page/using-sources https://kapextmediassl-a.akamaihd.net/genEd/RUBRICS/Assignment/SC200_Assignment_Rubric.pdf 8/11/2021 Purdue University Global https://purdueglobal.brightspace.com/d2l/le/content/175359/viewContent/12296106/View 2/2 will be able to view the Turnitin Originality Report. Originality Reports provide a summary of matching or highly similar text found in a submitted paper. When an Originality Report is available for viewing, an icon will appear in the report column of the Assignment Inbox. Originality Reports are only available in the Inbox. For this reason, you will need to download the report prior to the grading of the Unit 8 Assignment. To do this, click on the print icon at the bottom of the Originality Report. This will prepare a readable, PDF version of the Originality Report that you can save to your computer. 8/11/2021 Welcome to An Introduction to Biotechnology | An Introduction to Biotechnology https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/index.html 1/2 HOME Timeline Glossary Contact Us English An Introduction to BIOTECHNOLOGY Introduction What is Biotechnology? The Science of Biotechnology Discovering and Developing Medicines How Are Biotech Medicines Made? The Future The manufacture of biologics is a highly demanding process. Protein-based therapies have structureThe manufacture of biologics is a highly demanding process. Protein-based therapies have structure and more variable than the structure of drugs based on chemical compounds.and more variable than the structure of drugs based on chemical compounds. READ MOREREAD MORE How Are Biotechnology Medicines Made?How Are Biotechnology Medicines Made? https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/index.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/timeline.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/node/glossary.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/contact.html http://www.amgen.com/ https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/index.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/index.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/biotechnology-explained.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/biotechnology-explained.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/biotechnology-science.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/biotechnology-science.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/developing-biotech-medicines.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/developing-biotech-medicines.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/how-biotech-medicines-made.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/how-biotech-medicines-made.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/biotech-future.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/biotech-future.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/how-biotech-medicines-made.html 8/11/2021 Welcome to An Introduction to Biotechnology | An Introduction to Biotechnology https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/index.html 2/2 HOME Timeline Glossary Terms of Use Privacy Statement 66000-R3-V1 https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/index.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/timeline.html https://www.biotechnology.amgen.com/node/glossary.html http://wwwext.amgen.com/privacy/use.html http://wwwext.amgen.com/privacy/statement.html http://wwwext.amgen.com/ 8/11/2021 10 Everyday uses of Biotechnology | CPI https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology 1/17 BLOG 02 DEC 2015 10 Everyday uses of Biotechnology Industrial Biotechnology uses enzymes to make bio-based products like chemicals, ingredients, detergents, materials and https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog https://www.uk-cpi.com/ 8/11/2021 10 Everyday uses of Biotechnology | CPI https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology 2/17 biofuels. Becky Fields Marketing & Communications Business Partner 6min Read What is industrial biotechnology? Is it a complicated process? Is it something to do with enzymes, modules or bugs? What if I told you all the above is true and what if I told you industrial biotechnology is applied to the many products that are in your home and you use on an everyday basis. Specifically, industrial biotechnology uses enzymes and micro-organisms to make bio-based products in sectors such as chemicals, food ingredients, detergents, paper, textiles and biofuels. Industrial biotechnology is one of the most promising technologies around; it has the potential to address some of the world’s greatest challenges, such as feeding a growing population and offering new alternatives to our scarce natural resources. Although there is a long way to go, if industrial biotechnology reaches its full potential it has the potential to impact the world. Biotechnology is not a new concept; traditional products like bread, beer, cheese, wine, and yoghurt all make use of natural processes. In the 1800s, Louis Pasteur proved that fermentation was the result of microbial activity. Then in 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming managed to extract penicillin from mold. In the 1940s, large-scale fermentation techniques were developed to make industrial quantities of this wonder drug, but it wasn’t until after the https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/authors/becky-fields mailto:?subject=10%20Everyday%20uses%20of%20Biotechnology&body=Hi,%0A%0AI%20thought%20this%20might%20be%20of%20interest%20to%20you%3A%0A%0A10%20Everyday%20uses%20of%20Biotechnology%0Ahttps://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=10%20Everyday%20uses%20of%20Biotechnology%20%E2%80%93%20@ukCPI&url=https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology&title=10%20Everyday%20uses%20of%20Biotechnology&source=CPI https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology whatsapp://send?text=https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology http://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/z9kj2hv http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/fleming_alexander.shtml https://www.uk-cpi.com/ 8/11/2021 10 Everyday uses of Biotechnology | CPI https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology 3/17 second world war, that the biotechnology revolution began, making way to modern industrial biotechnology as we know today. Since that time, industrial biotechnology has produced enzymes for use in our daily lives and for the manufacturing sector. In the main, industrial biotechnology involves the microbial production of enzymes, which are specialised proteins. These enzymes have evolved in nature to be super-performing biocatalysts that facilitate and speed-up complex biochemical reactions. These amazing enzyme catalysts are what make industrial biotechnology such a powerful technology. Below are 10 ways industrial biotechnology is in our homes. Alcohol production is one of the most basic applications of industrial biotechnology. For instance, beer is made from water, a starch source such as barley, brewer’s yeast and a flavouring such as hops. The starch in the barley must be converted to sugar by enzymes (which are activated when the barley is malted) then fermented (the brewer’s yeast metabolises the sugars to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide). Enzymes and microbes are two common tools used in industrial biotechnology. https://www.uk-cpi.com/ 8/11/2021 10 Everyday uses of Biotechnology | CPI https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology 4/17 First generation biofuel is produced by fermenting plant-derived sugars to ethanol, using a similar process to that used in beer and wine-making, or by converting plant-oils to biodiesel. It requires crops such as sugar cane, corn, wheat, oil seed rape or sugar beet. Biofuels such as bio ethanol and biodiesel are blended with petrol and diesel to meet legislation on greenhouse gas emissions. Blending bio fuels into road transport fuel can reduce their carbon impact. The fuel quality directive allows for up to 10% ethanol to be blended into petrol. Reducing the carbon footprint by producing aviation fuel from bio-based feedstocks is https://www.uk-cpi.com/ 8/11/2021 10 Everyday uses of Biotechnology | CPI https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology 5/17 also heavily in development, with biorefineries being constructed to produce low-carbon alternative fuels to fossil-derived jet fuel. Such products come either directly from cells, or are made using enzymes taken from cells. In a way, cells are biofactories, with production lines of enzymes (workers) assembling our https://www.uk-cpi.com/ 8/11/2021 10 Everyday uses of Biotechnology | CPI https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology 6/17 desired product. We can either use the whole factory or just specific workers to produce what we want, i.e. whole cells or isolated enzymes. In addition to using them as tools to make biotech products, cells and enzymes can also be biotech products themselves. For instance: probiotic yogurts and non-soya veggie burgers contain microbial cells; and enzymes are used in washing detergents, food processing, cosmetics and much more. https://www.uk-cpi.com/ 8/11/2021 10 Everyday uses of Biotechnology | CPI https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-everyday-uses-of-biotechnology 7/17 Traditionally, the industrial sugar used for microbial fermentation is extracted from cereal crops, however only a small proportion of the crop is used, as the majority of sugars are inaccessible to traditional processes. The remaining fraction is known as lignocellulosic biomass and is generally discarded. Development is ongoing to access the sugars locked up in waste- derived feedstocks such as agricultural residues, forestry residues and post consumer waste. https://www.uk-cpi.com/ 8/11/2021 10 Everyday uses of Biotechnology | CPI https://www