PHILIOSOPHY PAPER _ 1 PHILIOSOPHY PAPER #1 INSTRUCTION: 6-8 pages (double space); it should offer a discussion of a selected issue covered in this course; the paper will be on a topic in the...

Running Head: PHILOSOPHY PAPER          1
PHILOSOPHY PAPER         3
THE UTILITARIAN THEORY OF PUNISHMENT
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Description    3
Necessity of Punishment    3
Utilitarian Form of Punishment    5
Analysis of the Arguments    7
Conclusion    8
References    9
Introduction
There are many instances when a person commits a crime, which can be considered against the humanity. Hence, they are deserved to be punished for their wrong doings, as that will be the lesson for them to understand their wrongdoing and avoid committing crimes in the future. In this philosophical paper, I would highlight the Utilitarian and Retributive theory of punishment, which will be supported by the works of certain authors work in this field.
Description
We can witness through news now a day is many incidents of crimes being committed on daily basis. Mohammed et al., (2020) have discussed in their article that people are not born criminal. Various psychological factors had led them to take the path of committing a crime. On the outside, the violent offenders do come in different shapes; however deep inside they have some common traits. In our brain there is a part called amygdale. This part of the brain involves in fear, aggression and social interactions. Through the psychological studies, it has been observed that the person with lower volume of amygdale is prone to be more aggressive, violent and they show these in their psychological behaviours.
In the article by Eaton and Korach (2016), it is claimed that there are many person with history of violence, the social background belong to, or the kind of abuse they have suffered during the childhood. However, the people who have never suffered the above-mentioned incidents and still have committed crime were found to have lower volume of amygdale. However, despite this situation it is also very important to provide punishment to the people who have committed any sort of crime.
Necessity of Punishment
When a person commits crime then it is very important to give them punishment. Batic have argued that punishment is very important to ensure the deterrence or preventing the crime by bringing a sense of fear among people as to avoid crime in the future. There are normally two types of deterrence are specific and general deterrence. Specific deterrence is applicable to the individual who have committed the crime. When the law department punishes an individual then theoretically they are very less likely to commit crime in the future because of the fear out of being punished in the similar manner.
However, general deterrence can be applied to the public at large. However, when an individual is punished for their crime then the public at large theoretically less likely to commit crime because of the fear of being punished in the similar manner as the individual got punished (Mojtahedi et al., 2017).
There are various types of punishments, which can be given to a person based on the nature of the crime they have committed. Hassan and Jan (2017) have discussed the punishments that can be provided are incapacitation which prevents the future crime by removing the person who have committed the crime by removing that person from the society. This can be done through house arrest or through death penalty where the defendant will be executed. The next form of punishment is rehabilitation. This is the process by altering the defendants behaviour as that will prevent that person from committing crime in future. The rehabilitation can be done through educational and vocational programs, treatment centres, and through the process of counselling.
The next form of punishment is retribution where the future crime can be avoided by removing the personal desire of taking revenge through assault or through criminal homicide. Another form of punishment is through restitution where the criminal is punished financially where the criminal is asked to pay the victim and that can be for physical injury, loss of property or money and emotional distress suffered by the victim because of the crime. This above-mentioned punishment will deter the individual as well as public...