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PowerPoint Presentation Module 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Learning Objectives Summarize new trends in software and service distribution Describe virtual reality components and applications Describe the foundation, models, and applications of cloud computing Discuss uses of nanotechnology Describe blockchain technology and cryptocurrency Explain quantum computing and its applications Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Trends in Software and Service Distribution (1 of 4) Pull and Push Technologies Pull technology User states a need before getting information Example: entering a URL in a Web browser to go to a certain website Push technology (i.e., webcasting) Web server delivers information to users who have signed up for the service Supported by many Web browsers Delivers content and updates to users automatically, in real time Creates customer loyalty by keeping vendors in constant touch with users Examples: Microsoft Direct Push (AT&T), Apple Push Notification, and Facebook Push Notification Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Trends in Software and Service Distribution (2 of 4) Application service providers (ASPs) Provide access to software or services for a fee Software as a service (SaaS) ASP delivers software to users for a fee for temporary or long-term use Offers most recent version of the software Allows users to save all application data on the ASP’s server Forms of SaaS model Services for general use A specific service Services for a vertical market Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Trends in Software and Service Distribution (3 of 4) Advantages of ASPs Customer knows software is always current Information systems (IS) staff can focus on other, strategic applications Software development costs are spread over several customers Software is kept up to date, based on users’ requests ASP contract guarantees a certain level of technical support Organization’s software costs can be reduced to a predictable monthly fee Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Trends in Software and Service Distribution (4 of 4) Disadvantages of ASPs Users must accept applications as provided; software customization is not offered Risk of applications not fully meeting the organization’s needs Integration with the customer’s other applications and systems might be challenging Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Virtual Reality (1 of 2) Uses computer-generated, three-dimensional images to create the illusion of interaction in a real-world environment Simulation: giving objects in a VR environment texture and shading for a 3D appearance Interaction: enabling users to act on objects in a VR environment Immersion: giving users the feeling of being part of a VR environment Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Virtual Reality (2 of 2) Telepresence: giving users the sense they are present and can manipulate objects in another location Full-body immersion: allowing users to move around freely by combining interactive environments with cameras, monitors, and other devices Networked communication: allowing users in different locations to interact and manipulate the same world at the same time by connecting two or more virtual worlds Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Types of Virtual Environments Egocentric environment User is totally immersed in the VR world Technologies used with the environment Head-mounted display (HMD) Virtual retinal display (VRD) Exocentric environment User is given a “window view” Data is rendered in 3D, but users can only view it on screen Users cannot interact with objects Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Components of a Virtual Reality System (1 of 2) Visual and aural systems Allow user to see and hear the virtual world Manual control for navigation Allows user to navigate in the VR environment and control various objects Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Components of a Virtual Reality System (2 of 2) Central coordinating processor and software system Generates and manipulates high-quality graphics in real time and needs a very fast processor Walker Captures and records movements of user’s feet as they walk or turn in different directions Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. CAVE Cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE) Consists of a cube-shaped room in which the walls are rear-projection screens Holographic device that creates, captures, and displays images in true 3D form Used for research in archaeology, architecture, engineering, geology, and physics Used by engineering companies to improve product design and development Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Exhibit 14.3 Example of a CAVE Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Virtual Reality Applications Many applications In medicine, used for “bloodless” surgeries In entertainment, used in games and theaters In journalism, used for reading and viewing news events Used by individuals to extend capabilities and in VR-based therapies Used in architectural design, education, and flight simulation Used in videoconferencing and group support systems Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Obstacles in Using VR Systems Major obstacle Not currently enough fiber-optic cables to carry data transmissions Other problems to be solved Confusion between VR and real environment Mobility and other problems with HMDs Difficulty representing sound Need for additional computing power Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Virtual Worlds Simulated environment designed for users to interact via avatars Avatar: 2D or 3D graphical representation of a person in the virtual world Used for gaming, in chat rooms, entertainment, and to conduct a variety of business activities Widely used virtual worlds Second Life ActiveWorlds Entropia Universe Habbo RuneScape Bidgoli, MIS, 10th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bidgoli,