Please only use and cite from attached reference. NO OUTSIDE SOURCES! Our reading this week focuses on the transformations in the nature andmode of work that was ushered in by the Industrial...

Please only use and cite from attached reference. NO OUTSIDE SOURCES!

Our reading this week focuses on the transformations in the nature andmode of work that was ushered in by the Industrial Revolution beginning in the middle of the 18th century and continued through the 19th century--first in Britain and then in other parts of the world.It is a misnomer,perhaps,to call this a "revolution"in the sense that there was not a sudden,massive shift but rather aseries of technological,economic, and social changes thatunfolded over time.

In any event,the Industrial Revolution plays a pivotal role in the history of work and the organization of it--moving workers off of farms and artisan workshops into factories,onto assembly lines for machine manufacturing jobs,into cities and overcrowded,impoverishedhousing conditions,and altering the relations between workers,bosses, and the relation each had to capitalist production and the economic markets.To say that life changed dramatically for workers, the nature of work, and the terms of employment would be a stunning understatement.

Considering the huge transformations brought about duringthe Industrial Revolution,please response to the following questions making reference to ourcourse reading:

1. 
   
   What do you understand were the key features of the Industrial Revolution? Identify and explain at least two (2) of these features. Which, if any, of these changes were beneficial to individuals? To society? Which changes brought about negative consequences for individuals? For society?
   
   
   


2. 
   
   Of the new kinds of factory work under close supervision and meager wages,Voltiwrites in Chapter 3: "the majority of workers were treated as commodities with no personal stake in the enterprise that employed them." What does this mean? What happened during the Industrial Revolution that lead to this view of and by workers?
   
   
   


3. 
   
   To regulate and attempt to make factory work more productive, a theory and studies under the heading of "scientific management" was developed by Frederick Taylor to try to optimize the process of doing work. Henry Ford then implemented another strategy -- inventing the assembly line mode of auto production -- to make manufacturing more productive...to get the most out of workers. What were the main differences between these approaches? What aspects of either scientific management or the assembly line approach to maximizing employee efficiency and productivity do we see today? Do company managers borrow principles from either of these two approaches in modern (contemporary) work?