Please help me understand the concept of hypothesis testing and all the important factors that should be understood in order to be able to accurately answer questions of this nature. I find myself...

Please help me understand the concept of hypothesis testing and all the important factors that should be understood in order to be able to accurately answer questions of this nature. I find myself confused when looking at some of the factors that should be considered before answering these questions and more confused when performing the steps. Please guide me in your way and thank you in advance.

Individuals involved in the criminal justice system are thought to display many dynamic criminogenic needs, meaning that they have areas of need that are specifically associated with higher risk of offending (e.g., substance use, antisocial peers etc…). Research has demonstrated that addressing these needs in treatment can lead to reductions in committing new crimes when released from prison. A researcher thinks that offenders may also have some strengths that, if built upon, can also lead to further reductions in recidivism. The researcher has 10 incarcerated offenders take 2 assessments: one on dynamic risk factors and one on strengths (both interval scales) to see if these measures are related to each other. Using the data in the table I've included below and testing at an alpha of 0.05, use all the steps of hypothesis testing to determine what can be said about the researcher’s hypothesis.