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Running Head: EARTH SCIENCE        1
EARTH SCIENCE         2
EARTH SCIENCE
CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT
Table of Contents
Part A: Conservation of Biological Diversity    3
1.    3
2.    4
3.    5
Part B: Ecosystem Management of Mountain Gorillas in Bwindi National Park    6
4.    6
5.    7
6.    7
References    9
Part A: Conservation of Biological Diversity     
1. Describe (in your own words) five ways that humans have contributed to a higher rate of species extinction today. (5 marks)
    The higher rate of the extinction of species since past centuries is due to the constant interference of humans in nature. Humans, in satisfying their greed, cause great damage to the environment as well as endanger the flora and fauna. The five ways that humans have contributed in extinction of species are following:
i. Hunting of animal species is at a very high rate. This resulted in regular decrease in the number of the wild animals. Since hunting of some animals is banned in certain countries around the globe, there is poaching of animals for their body parts. For example, poaching of tiger is very common (Biodivcanada, 2020).
ii. The land use practices such as deforestation or dividing of forest by building of road for fulfilling the need of urban and suburban development as well as for agriculture practices resulted in the habitat loss.
iii. Humans are responsible for the introduction of foreign species such as parasites or predators and microorganisms, causing destructive diseases in the native regions. This threatened the species; either intentionally or unintentionally and ultimately became the reason for their extinction.
iv. Humans are responsible for the constantly increasing pollution of the land, water and soil, which make the environment poisonous to survive. For example, many of the water animals are choked to death; either due to consumption of plastic or being trapped in plastic.
v. Anthropogenic activities such as global warming and climate changes change the environments of the animals. Since most of the animals fail to adapt these changes, they get extinct.
2. Contrast the classification systems that are used in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Red List, Canada's Species at Risk Act (SARA) and the Manitoba Endangered Species and Ecosystems Act (MESEA). How do these support biodiversity conservations? (10 marks)
    All the agencies such as International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Red List, Canada's Species at Risk Act (SARA) and the Manitoba Endangered Species and Ecosystems Act (MESEA) conduct the classification of the animals under the category of endangered, threatened or extinct species. Once the species, who are at risk, are identified, along with the region, in which they are present, these species are protected under the law. Thus, all these agencies play the crucial role in conservation of the biodiversity.
    The classification scheme of the IUCN includes the following process. First, the past, current and future threats on the species are identified. Then assessment of the impact of the threats on species is conducted. Then habitat of the species is identified and recorded. Furthermore, the record of the conservation action needed for the species is recorded. The conduction of the research is done, henceforth, to assess the future condition of the species. Then, the extent is seen, to which these species are used for the trade purposes. Then the importance of the species for the livelihood of the humans is done to check the extent of the species used by the human. Then, finally, the species is placed under the category of extinct, endangered or threatened (IUCN, 2020).
    Under SARA, the scientific assessment process is separated from the listing decision of the species. Although, it includes the recommendation provided by the scientists fully independent. The use of the best...