Answer To: Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Assignment Briefing Sheet Programme: MSc Adult Nursing and MSc...
Dr Insiyah R. answered on Aug 14 2022
Part one 1
Introduction 1
Fundamental ethical principles that guide the nursing practice 2
The Biopsychosocial (BPS) Model 3
The Biopsychosocial Model's Three Dimensions 4
Part two 5
Conclusion 8
Reference 9
Part one
Introduction
Nurses are an integral part of the healthcare team; as such, they have a moral obligation to offer patients compassionate, ethical care. In order to fulfil their role effectively in today's complex society, they must be equipped with the ethical knowledge necessary to effectively handle crisis situations and provide patients with legal and ethical treatment (Barlow, Hargreaves and Gillibrand, 2018). As professionals, nurses are accountable for delivering quality care to patients and customers who depend on them. The values they have chosen guide their behaviour. Their actions following these principles provide the basis for their decisions about strategy, direction, and even the very nature of the organisation itself (Abdi et al,2019). This essay's analysis of nursing's philosophical, ethical, and methodological foundations—including biopsychosocial approaches with the help of a case study of Mary Stewart 81-year-old with Vascular dementia, who has just been hospitalised and has an ovarian cyst and suffers from vascular dementia. She needs a Venflon cannula placed in order to get intravenous fluids and meds. She is terrified of both needles and the hospital setting. We will also discuss the importance of the practice of health and social care—its main emphasis. Critical psychological concepts in the context of health and social care include planning and evaluation (Byrne, Baldwin and Harvey, 2020).
Fundamental ethical principles that guide the nursing practice
While providing patient care, nurses must strike a balance because they are also patient advocates. Ethics is based on four major tenets: autonomy, beneficence, justice, and non-maleficence. Each patient is entitled to make their own choices based on their own values and views (Abdi et al,2019). The two principles which can be followed in this case study are beneficence and Non-maleficence. Healthcare professionals have a responsibility to treat patients with compassion, limit damage, and promote wellness. This responsibility of specific care characterises goodness. Nurses show this by balancing the patient's rewards and hazards. Examples of beneficence include helping patients with chores that they are unable to do on their own, maintaining side rails for fall protection, and promptly dispensing prescriptions (Bahador, Nouhi and Sabzevari,2018). The cornerstone of analysing ethical conundrums in nursing is the capacity to distinguish ethical and other value concerns in scenarios involving patient care and to comprehend appropriate sources of moral authority. These abilities aid in creating a framework for examining particular case issues in nursing care when combined with standards of ethics for nurses. For instance, intuition often offers completely suitable answers to ethical issues when taking into account particular case circumstances (Ekman, Ebrahimi and Olaya Contreras, 2021). In reality, a lot of the moral choices a nurse must make during the course of the day are based on intuition. However, many of the issues with patient care are more significant. They need more than a basic understanding of their ethical implications. Our common sense intuition often fails to provide definitive solutions. Sometimes a colleague, doctor, administrator, or patient disagrees with the nurse's perception of the morally right course of action. Other facets of the framework in similar circumstances might aid the nurse in considering the options and the justifications behind different decisions (Byrne, Baldwin and Harvey, 2020).
In Mrs Mary’s case, She needs surgery to get the cyst removed. Mrs Stewart has been adamant about not wanting a needle to be put. She cannot get anaesthesia for the procedure without it. The surgeon fears that if the cyst is not removed soon, Mrs Stewart may progress to chronic kidney disease and need renal dialysis, which would require frequent needle usage and be very challenging to do given her phobia of needles and discomfort with hospitals (Barlow, Hargreaves and Gillibrand, 2018). She requires the insertion of a Venflon cannula so that she may get intravenous fluids and meds, but she won't let you site it. She is terrified of both needles and the hospital setting. Rosina Stewart, the primary caregiver for Mrs Stewart's aunt, in addition to the community mental health team, is insistent that her aunt gets the care she needs (Haahr et al,2020). Even proponents of patients' rights to make treatment decisions based on their own autonomy tend to concur that there are certain situations in which the welfare of others justifies going against the patient's preferences. Rosina may have attempted to interfere with Mrs Mary's desires in Mrs Mary's case order to her advantage. In such a situation, she would be acting in the patient's best interest (Ekman, Ebrahimi and Olaya Contreras, 2021).
The biomedical paradigm promotes a constrained perspective of a human as a material, an object to be examined and quantified, as has been well-documented. This strategy might be particularly noticeable for persons who are experiencing any kind of cognitive deterioration (LaRossa and Bennett, 2018). People with dementia or any other mental health condition may occasionally be treated like a list of tasks that must be completed as quickly and efficiently as possible without giving enough consideration to the individual as a person embedded in a social, cultural, and historical context or even as one who has organisation (Haydon, Browne and van der Riet,2018).
According to research, persons with mental illness still possess personality and significance in their words and deeds "despite the mounting neuritic plaques and tangle in their brains. Instead of concentrating simply on the illness, it is critical that caregivers take the time to get to know their patients as individuals (Lood et al,2019). From a person-centred approach, strengthening the human connection that forms between residents and staff is ultimately what will improve life for those with dementia.
The Biopsychosocial (BPS) Model
The biopsychosocial model of health and medicine looks at how biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to relative health or illness. The BPS model emphasises the interconnectivity of these elements (Vance et al,2019).
The concept was developed in 1977 at the University of Rochester by George Engel, a professor of medicine and psychiatry (Vance et al,2019). Dr Engel put out the concept as an alternative to the more reductive biomedical approach, which saw biology as the only determinant of health. The BSP Model was a ground-breaking idea that let clinicians investigate people's talents, roles, and responsibilities alongside clinical treatment (Valentine, Sekula and Lynch,2020). Due to its thorough foundation, Dr Engel's BSP Model is mostly employed in...